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Solar assisted degradation of carbendazim in water using clay beads immobilized with TiO2 & Fe doped TiO2

[Display omitted] •Durable & eco-friendly solid support for catalyst immobilization is developed.•Characterization and optimization of the best support i.e. clay beads (pottery clay).•Solar application of Fe doped TiO2, immobilized on clay beads, for carbendazim degradation in water.•Recyclabili...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Solar energy 2018-03, Vol.162, p.45-56
Main Authors: Kaur, Taranjeet, Sraw, Abhishek, Wanchoo, R.K., Toor, Amrit Pal
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:[Display omitted] •Durable & eco-friendly solid support for catalyst immobilization is developed.•Characterization and optimization of the best support i.e. clay beads (pottery clay).•Solar application of Fe doped TiO2, immobilized on clay beads, for carbendazim degradation in water.•Recyclability & reusability study of catalyst and solid support.•40 recycles without catalyst activation, average 77 ± 3.85% degradation with TiO2 and 93 ± 4.65% with Fe-TiO2 under sunlight. The current work emphasized on the sunlight based photocatalytic application of TiO2 and iron doped TiO2 (Fe-TiO2), immobilized over the novel, eco-friendly support material developed as clay beads (CL), and placed in a newly developed Flat Plate Photocatalytic Reactor (FPPR). For catalyst immobilization, simple heat attachment method was applied using double distilled water as solvent for 2% (by weight) of TiO2 and Fe-TiO2 separately. Clay beads were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) analysis for their structural, electronic & textural properties respectively; whereas characterization of Fe-TiO2 was performed using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), EDS, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and Diffuse reflectance spectrometer (DRS). A benzimidazole fungicide, Carbendazim (CBZ) was taken as the reference water pollutant and catalyst coated beads were further applied for its degradation using the FPPR. Remarkable degradation (87 ± 1% average) of CBZ was observed for 40 successful cyclic studies over the Fe-TiO2 coated CL beads under sunlight, without performing any reactivation of catalyst. Whereas highest degradation of CBZ achieved under sunlight conditions was 93 ± 4.65%. Effect of various reaction parameters was analyzed using UV–Visible spectroscopy, and the mineralization of CBZ was confirmed by Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC–MS) analysis.
ISSN:0038-092X
1471-1257
DOI:10.1016/j.solener.2017.11.033