Clinical and anatomopathological aspects of Stryphnodendron fissuratum poisoning in cattle and sheep

• Published in: Toxicon (Oxford) 2021-04, Vol.194, p.11-16
• Main Authors: Guizelini, Carolina C., Pupin, Rayane C., Arredondo, Juan A.C., Robalinho, Letícia L., Bernardo, Raffaela N., Silva, Westerlly J., Franco, Gumercindo L., Lemos, Ricardo A.A.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acute renal failure; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases - epidemiology; Disease Outbreaks; Fabaceae; Plant poisoning; Plant Poisoning - epidemiology; Plant Poisoning - veterinary; Sheep; Sheep Diseases; Ulcerative lesions; Uremia
• ISSN: 0041-0101; 1879-3150
• DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.01.016

Spontaneous and experimental Stryphnodendron fissuratum poisoning in cattle have been documented in the scientific literature. However, clinical and anatomopathological aspects of such poisoning are not fully understood. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe the clinical, biochemical, gross and microscopic findings of spontaneous Stryphnodendron fissuratum poisoning in cattle as well the experimental poisoning by this plant in sheep. Three outbreaks in cattle from different farms were analyzed. From these farms, S. fissuratum fruit specimens were collected and subsequently administered to six sheep. Some cattle showed clinical signs of poisoning such as blindness, apathy, dysphagia, excessive drooling, weight loss and photodermatitis. In the experimental poisoning condition, one sheep received only the peel of the fruit, one received the seed, and the others received the whole fruit. The whole fruit caused fatal poisoning in one sheep, which showed anorexia, excessive drooling, nystagmus, and paddling. Necropsies and clinical, histopathological, and pathological examination of poisoned cattle and sheep showed that the plant may cause acute renal failure along with extrarenal uremic lesions. •Ulcerative lesions were seen in all the digestive tract of cattle and sheep poisoned by S. fissuratum.•Ingestion of non-lethal doses of the fruit by sheep may induce more resistance after 10 days of increasing daily doses.•Seeds alone did not cause poisoning. The whole fruit induced severe or fatal clinical conditions.