The extensive damage to elms by Dutch elm disease agents and their hybrids in northwestern Russia

•Dutch elm disease agent in north-western Russia is the invasive pathogen Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, with its two subspecies and their hybrids.•The hybrid pathogen demonstrated the highest growth rate in vitro and it might be more virulent to elms.•Health of younger elm cultivars were better than the old...

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Published in:Urban forestry & urban greening 2021-08, Vol.63, p.127214, Article 127214
Main Authors: Jürisoo, Liina, Selikhovkin, Andrey V., Padari, Allar, Shevchenko, Sofia V., Shcherbakova, Ludmila N., Popovichev, Boris G., Drenkhan, Rein
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Climate change
DED
Fungal aggressiveness
Hybrid elms
Invasive pathogen
Ophiostoma novo-ulmi subsp
Scolytus. spp
Ulmus spp
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Summary:•Dutch elm disease agent in north-western Russia is the invasive pathogen Ophiostoma novo-ulmi, with its two subspecies and their hybrids.•The hybrid pathogen demonstrated the highest growth rate in vitro and it might be more virulent to elms.•Health of younger elm cultivars were better than the older native elms, but U. laevis and elm cultivars mortality (4-5%) was similar.•Ulmus laevis was significantly healthier than U. glabra in the conditions of north-western Russia.•Health status of all assessed elm species was significantly worse next to highways compared to greenspaces in urban areas. Elms are important amenity trees in the European part of Russia, incl. the St. Petersburg and Leningrad Region. The native species Ulmus glabra and U. laevis mainly grow there, on the northern border of their natural range. Hybrid elm cultivars have been planted since the early 2000s. Thousands of elms suffer from Dutch elm disease in the Leningrad Region. We found that in the north-western part of Russia Ophiostoma novo-ulmi subsp. novo-ulmi and O. novo-ulmi subsp. americana as well as hybrids of these subspecies are aggressive agents of DED on elms. According to in vitro experiments of hybrids in pure cultures, O. novo-ulmi subsp. americana x novo-ulmi had the highest growth rate, and O. novo-ulmi subsp. novo-ulmi the lowest growth rate. Ulmus glabra (>40 years old) was affected the most, with ca. 20 % of assessed trees found to already be dead and only 56 % found to be in good condition. The documented health among young elm cultivars (
ISSN:1618-8667
1610-8167
DOI:10.1016/j.ufug.2021.127214