Improving urban household solid waste management in developing countries based on the German experience

• Published in: Waste management (Elmsford) 2021-02, Vol.120, p.772-783
• Main Authors: Azevedo, Bruno Duarte, Scavarda, Luiz Felipe, Caiado, Rodrigo Goyannes Gusmão, Fuss, Maryegli
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Brazil; Cities; Developing Countries; Germany; Integrated sustainable waste management; Process flow diagrams; Recycling; Refuse Disposal; Solid Waste - analysis; Sustainable supply chain management; Triple bottom line; Waste Management; Wasteaware benchmark indicators
• ISSN: 0956-053X; 1879-2456
• DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.11.001

•It improves the comprehension of UHSWM from the triple bottom line perspective.•The paper offers opportunities to improve UHSWM in developing countries.•The three pillars of the German solid WM system support the opportunities revealed.•“Wasteaware” benchmarks and process flow diagrams are used for ISWM comparison.•Matrix quantification score was 98% for Münster (Germany) and 50% for Macaé (Brazil). Countries worldwide strive to improve their urban household solid waste management (UHSWM) practices. While developed countries like Germany have achieved good results with different UHSWM initiatives, developing countries still struggle to be effective with their waste management (WM) policies. With an interest in learning from the German experience, this paper provides a cross-case analysis between a German and a Brazilian city that can be of practical relevance to improving UHSWM in developing countries. The paper uses “process flow diagram” (PFD) and “wasteaware benchmark indicators” for integrated sustainable waste management (ISWM). Both methods confirmed the German city as a benchmark and attested the inefficiency of the Brazilian UHSWM. The total maximum score weightage percentage of the matrix quantification difference was significant, 98% against 50%. Findings highlight viable solutions based on the three pillars of the German solid WM system: clear laws, regular public campaigns, and fee methodology. The formalization and improvement of Brazilian UHSWM require better governance to obtain additional investments. Herein, the application of the Green Dot methodology, sponsored by industry and consumers in Germany, would enable an increase of up to 318% of the values received by a typical Brazilian cooperative. This additional investment can empower a sustainable solution where the population could opt to work with recycling, either as a formal employee or as a formal entrepreneur, shedding more light on the social pillar of the triple bottom line. Moreover, it can enable improvements in technologies, and on regular public campaigns to increase education in important sustainable matters.