Search for basic relationships between “molecular size” and “chemical structure” of aquatic natural organic matter—Answers from 13C and 15N CPMAS NMR spectroscopy

• Published in: Water research (Oxford) 2008-02, Vol.42 (4), p.1051-1060
• Main Authors: Lankes, Ulrich, Lüdemann, Hans-Dietrich, Frimmel, Fritz H.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Applied sciences; Carbon - analysis; Carbon Isotopes; Complex Mixtures - chemistry; CPMAS; Dipolar dephasing; Dissolved organic matter; Exact sciences and technology; Fresh Water; Germany; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Membrane fouling; Molecular Structure; Molecular Weight; Nitrogen - analysis; Nitrogen Isotopes; Nuclear magnetic resonance; Other industrial wastes. Sewage sludge; Pollution; Ultrafiltration; Wastes; Water Pollutants - chemistry; Water Purification; Water treatment and pollution
• ISSN: 0043-1354; 1879-2448
• DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2007.09.028

To investigate the structural composition of natural organic matter (NOM), a 3-step micro- and ultrafiltration procedure was applied to 3 surface waters from southern Germany, and fractions from all filtration steps were collected. The NOM was characterized using solid-state 13C and 15N nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Routine integration of the 13C NMR spectra and extended data analysis procedures were carried out for a quantitative comparison of the structural components as well as for the elucidation of structural fractionation patterns. A common feature of the large molecular size fractions was the predominance of polysaccharide material, with the dissolved high molecular weight organics being mostly enriched in N-acetylated polysaccharides derived from microbial leftovers. Aromatic structures like lignin and tannin derivatives were most abundant in the intermediate size fraction. All membranes were found to be highly permeable for branched aliphatics, i.e. isoprenoids. Fouling layers of the ultrafiltration membrane were significantly enriched in long-chain aliphatics (lipids). Biofouling was not observed on any of the membranes. Overall, a strong interdependence between the chemical structural characteristics of NOM components and their size, shape, or interaction characteristics could be shown. The results provide the basis for a better understanding of water process technologies as treatment effectiveness is strongly dependent on the chemical composition and the “size” distribution of NOM.