Assessing the aquatic toxicity and environmental safety of tracer compounds Rhodamine B and Rhodamine WT

Tracer tests represent a well-established method for delineating key environmental processes in various media and engineered systems. Tracers like Rhodamine B and WT are frequently applied due to their strong fluorescence even at low concentrations.. However, due to a lack of ecotoxicological data,...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Water research (Oxford) 2021-06, Vol.197, p.117109, Article 117109
Main Authors: Skjolding, L.M., Jørgensen, L.vG, Dyhr, K.S., Köppl, C.J., McKnight, U.S., Bauer-Gottwein, P., Mayer, P., Bjerg, P.L., Baun, A.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Daphnia
Ecotoxicology
Environmental quality standard
Flourescent tracers
Optical mapping
Rhodamines
Water framework directive
Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity
Zebrafish
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Summary:Tracer tests represent a well-established method for delineating key environmental processes in various media and engineered systems. Tracers like Rhodamine B and WT are frequently applied due to their strong fluorescence even at low concentrations.. However, due to a lack of ecotoxicological data, limit values for these tracers cannot be determined. This study fills this critical data gap by providing ecotoxicity data for Rhodamine B and WT using a battery of short-term standardized tests, including growth rate inhibition tests with algae (Raphidocelis subcapitata) and lethality tests using crustaceans (Daphnia magna) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos, and estimating EQS for surface water. For Rhodamine B, the effective and lethal concentration (EC50 and LC50) –causing 50% toxicity were in the range of 14–24 mg/L. For Rhodamine WT, no statistically significant effects were observed (p91 µg/L (AA-QS) and >910 µg/L (MAC-QS). Hence, concentrations below 140 µg/L or 910 µg/L for Rhodamine B and WT, respectively, are not expected to pose a risk to aquatic freshwater life in the case of intermittent discharges, e.g. tracer experiments released in streams.
ISSN:0043-1354
1879-2448
DOI:10.1016/j.watres.2021.117109