Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of the Mechanism of the Reduction of O 2 from Air to O 2 2- by V IV O 2+ - N , N , N -Amidate Compounds and Their Potential Use in Fuel Cells

• Published in: Inorganic chemistry 2024-02, Vol.63 (7), p.3229-3249
• Main Authors: Papanikolaou, Michael, Hadjithoma, Sofia, Keramidas, Odysseas, Drouza, Chryssoula, Amoiridis, Angelos, Themistokleous, Alexandros, Hayes, Sofia C, Miras, Haralampos N, Lianos, Panagiotis, Tsipis, Athanassios C, Kabanos, Themistoklis A, Keramidas, Anastasios D
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0020-1669; 1520-510X
• DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03272

The two-electron reductive activation of O to O is of particular interest to the scientific community mainly due to the use of peroxides as green oxidants and in powerful fuel cells. Despite of the great importance of vanadium(IV) species to activate the two-electron reductive activation of O , the mechanism is still unclear. Reaction of V O species with the tridentate-planar carboxamide (ΗL) ligands in solution (CH OH:H O) under atmospheric O , at room temperature, resulted in the quick formation of [V (═O)(η -O )(κ -L)(H O)] and -[V (═O) (κ -L)] compounds. Oxidation of the V O complexes with the sterically hindered tridentate-planar carboxamide ligands by atmospheric O gave only -[V (═O) (κ -L)] compounds. The mechanism of formation of [V (═O)(η -O )(κ -L)(H O)] (I) and -[V (═O) (κ -L)] (II) complexes vs time, from the interaction of [V (═O)(κ -L)(Η Ο) ] with atmospheric O , was investigated with V, H NMR, UV-vis, cw-X-band EPR, and O labeling IR and resonance Raman spectroscopies revealing the formation of a stable intermediate ( ). EPR, MS, and theoretical calculations of the mechanism of the formation of I and II revealed a pathway, through a binuclear [V (═O)(κ -L)(H O)(η ,η -O )V (═O)(κ -L)(H O)] intermediate. The results from cw-EPR, H NMR spectroscopies, cyclic voltammetry, and the reactivity of the complexes [V (═O)(κ -L)(Η Ο) ] toward O reduction fit better to an intermediate with a binuclear nature. Dynamic experiments in combination with computational calculations were undertaken to fully elucidate the mechanism of the O reduction to O by [V (═O)(κ -L)(Η Ο) ] . The galvanic cell {Zn|V ,V || , [V O(κ -L)(H O) ] |O |C(s)} was manufactured, demonstrating the important applicability of this new chemistry to Zn|H O fuel cells technology generating H O in situ from the atmospheric O .