Mechanochemical Influence on the Stereoselectivity of Halide Metathesis: Synthesis of Group 15 Tris(allyl) Complexes

• Published in: Organometallics 2016-06, Vol.35 (11), p.1698-1706
• Main Authors: Rightmire, Nicholas R, Bruns, David L, Hanusa, Timothy P, Brennessel, William W
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0276-7333; 1520-6041
• DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.6b00151

The stereochemical outcomes of reactions conducted in solution and those under mechanochemical conditions need not be the same; this is a well-established observation in organic synthesis, but few examples are known in organometallic systems. Halide metathesis is now shown to be a type of mechanochemical reaction that can produce different ratios of stereoisomers depending on whether the reagents are dissolved or ball-milled. Trihalides of As (X = I), Sb (X = Cl), and Bi (X = Cl) react with K­[A′] (A′ = 1,3-(SiMe3)2C3H3) (As, Sb) or [AlA′3] (Bi) to generate the tris­(allyl) complexes [EA′3]. All three complexes are found in two diastereomeric forms of C 1 (R,S,S) and C 3 (R,R,R) symmetry, and mechanochemical synthesis increases the C 1:C 3 ratio relative to that produced in hexanes solution (up to 3.3× in the case of [AsA′3]). The stereoselectivity of the metathesis in the solid state can be correlated with the asymmetric environment found in the group 15 trihalides; mechanochemical induction provides a new tool for influencing this important class of synthetic reactions.