Shallow and Deep Trap State Passivation for Low-Temperature Processed Perovskite Solar Cells

• Published in: ACS energy letters 2020-05, Vol.5 (5), p.1396-1403
• Main Authors: Azmi, Randi, Nurrosyid, Naufan, Lee, Sang-Hak, Al Mubarok, Muhibullah, Lee, Wooseop, Hwang, Sunbin, Yin, Wenping, Ahn, Tae Kyu, Kim, Tae-Wook, Ryu, Du Yeol, Do, Young Rag, Jang, Sung-Yeon
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 2380-8195; 2380-8195
• DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.0c00596

While perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as promising low-cost solar power generators, most reported high-performance PSCs employ electron transport layers (ETLs, mainly TiO2) treated at high temperatures (≥450 °C), which may eventually hinder the development of flexible PSCs. Meanwhile, the development of low-temperature processed PSCs (L-PSCs) possessing performance levels comparable to those of high-temperature processed PSCs has actively been reported. In this study, L-PSCs with improved long-term stability and negligible hysteresis were developed through the effective passivation of shallow and deep traps in organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) crystals and at the ETL/OIHP interface. L-PSCs with alkaline chloride modification achieved state-of-the-art performance among reported L-PSCs (power conversion efficiency (PCE) = 22.6%) with a long-term shelf life. The origin of long-term stability and the efficient passivation of deep traps was revealed by monitoring the trap-state distribution. Moreover, the high PCE of a large-area device (21.3%, 1.12 cm2) was also demonstrated, confirming the uniformity of the modification.