Membrane domain formation induced by binding/unbinding of curvature-inducing molecules on both membrane surfaces

The domain formation of curvature-inducing molecules, such as peripheral or transmembrane proteins and conical surfactants, is studied in thermal equilibrium and nonequilibrium steady states using meshless membrane simulations. These molecules can bind to both surfaces of a bilayer membrane and also...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Soft matter 2023-01, Vol.19 (4), p.679-688
Main Author: Noguchi, Hiroshi
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Apexes
Binding
Curvature
Domains
Equilibrium flow
Membrane proteins
Membranes
Meshless methods
Steady state
Surfactants
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Summary:The domain formation of curvature-inducing molecules, such as peripheral or transmembrane proteins and conical surfactants, is studied in thermal equilibrium and nonequilibrium steady states using meshless membrane simulations. These molecules can bind to both surfaces of a bilayer membrane and also move to the opposite leaflet by a flip-flop. Under symmetric conditions for the two leaflets, the membrane domains form checkerboard patterns in addition to striped and spot patterns. The unbound membrane stabilizes the vertices of the checkerboard. Under asymmetric conditions, the domains form kagome-lattice and thread-like patterns. In the nonequilibrium steady states, a flow of the binding molecules between the upper and lower solutions can occur via flip-flop. The domain formation of square, stripe, spot, and kagome-lattice patterns, is studied in thermal equilibrium and nonequilibrium using meshless membrane simulations.
ISSN:1744-683X
1744-6848
DOI:10.1039/d2sm01536f