Use of demand response for voltage regulation in power distribution systems with flexible resources

• Published in: IET generation, transmission & distribution transmission & distribution, 2020-03, Vol.14 (5), p.883-892
• Main Authors: Xie, Qiangqiang, Hui, Hongxun, Ding, Yi, Ye, Chengjin, Lin, Zhenzhi, Wang, Peng, Song, Yonghua, Ji, Ling, Chen, Rong
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: CEMS; community energy management system; costing; customer electricity cost; demand response; demand side management; distribution system voltage regulation; electric vehicles; energy management systems; FR schedules; FR‐based two‐stage voltage regulation technique; Japan; low‐voltage power distribution systems; network voltage violations; on load tap changers; on‐load tap changer tap operations; photovoltaic power systems; photovoltaics generation; power distribution control; power distribution economics; power generation control; power generation economics; power generation scheduling; PV generation; Research Article; smart grids; smart power grids; voltage control; voltage sensitivity‐based FR shifting method
• ISSN: 1751-8687; 1751-8695; 1751-8695
• DOI: 10.1049/iet-gtd.2019.1170

In low-voltage power distribution systems with high penetration of photovoltaics (PVs) generation and electric vehicles (EVs), the over-voltage problem arises at times because of large PV generation, and under-voltage problem also arises sometimes because of simultaneous charging of massive EVs. Over- and under-voltage problems lead to more difficulties in achieving voltage regulation. Demand response (DR) is expected to be promising and cost-effective in promoting smart grids, and hence, the utilisation of flexible resources (FRs) through DR can be helpful for distribution system voltage regulation. This study introduces a hierarchical control structure of a community energy management system (CEMS) and multiple sub-CEMSs to apply an FR-based two-stage voltage regulation technique. In the first stage, i.e. the day-ahead scheduling stage, each sub-CEMS optimises the FRs’ schedules for minimising customers’ electricity cost and network voltage violation times. In the second stage, i.e. the real-time operation stage, the voltage sensitivity-based FRs’ shifting method is proposed to eliminate network voltage violations caused by errors of estimated day-ahead data. The proposed models and methods are verified based on a realistic distribution system in Japan, where voltage violations, customer electricity cost and a number of on-load tap changer tap operations are proved to be reduced.