Implementation of Quality Systems in Nuclear Medicine: Why It Matters. An Outcome Analysis (Quality Management Audits in Nuclear Medicine Part III)

• Published in: Seminars in nuclear medicine 2018-05, Vol.48 (3), p.299-306
• Main Authors: Dondi, Maurizio, Paez, Diana, Torres, Leonel, Marengo, Mario, Delaloye, Angelika Bischof, Solanki, Kishor, Van Zyl Ellmann, Annare, Lobato, Enrique Estrada, Miller, Rodolfo Nunez, Giammarile, Francesco, Pascual, Thomas
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0001-2998; 1558-4623
• DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2017.12.001

The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) developed a comprehensive program—Quality Management Audits in Nuclear Medicine (QUANUM). This program covers all aspects of nuclear medicine practices including, but not limited to, clinical practice, management, operations, and services. The QUANUM program, which includes quality standards detailed in relevant checklists, aims at introducing a culture of comprehensive quality audit processes that are patient oriented, systematic, and outcome based. This paper will focus on the impact of the implementation of QUANUM on daily routine practices in audited centers. Thirty-seven centers, which had been externally audited by experts under IAEA auspices at least 1 year earlier, were invited to run an internal audit using the QUANUM checklists. The external audits also served as training in quality management and the use of QUANUM for the local teams, which were responsible of conducting the internal audits. Twenty-five out of the 37 centers provided their internal audit report, which was compared with the previous external audit. The program requires that auditors score each requirement within the QUANUM checklists on a scale of 0-4, where 0-2 means nonconformance and 3-4 means conformance to international regulations and standards on which QUANUM is based. Our analysis covering both general and clinical areas assessed changes on the conformance status on a binary manner and the level of conformance scores. Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric statistical tests. The evaluation of the general checklists showed a global improvement on both the status and the levels of conformances (P