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Parenthood wage gaps in multinational enterprises
While multinational enterprises (MNEs) are widely recognized for providing employment to a significant number of women around the globe, empirical evidence suggests that existing gender inequalities may be aggravated rather than alleviated in their subsidiaries. We build on gender theory to better u...
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Published in: | Journal of international business studies 2024-08, Vol.55 (6), p.805-815 |
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Main Authors: | , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Citations: | Items that this one cites |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | While multinational enterprises (MNEs) are widely recognized for providing employment to a significant number of women around the globe, empirical evidence suggests that existing gender inequalities may be aggravated rather than alleviated in their subsidiaries. We build on gender theory to better understand how gender is construed and enacted differently in MNE subsidiaries compared to domestic firms, particularly with regard to the differential effects of parenthood on wage gaps for male versus female employees. Because of the relatively more demanding working conditions in MNE subsidiaries and their gendered policies and practices, we hypothesize that the motherhood penalty and fatherhood bonus are larger in MNE subsidiaries than in domestic firms. Using an extensive database of micro-level data of over 36,500 employees in 57 countries, we find a larger fatherhood bonus in MNE subsidiaries compared to domestic firms, but no significant difference in the motherhood penalty. Our results suggest that shifting entrenched gendered social beliefs and divisions of household labor is not the only pathway to gender equality, and call for a critical examination of gender-related values, perceptions, policies, and practices in MNEs, beyond a focus on supporting women (with children). We discuss managerial, theoretical, and societal implications accordingly.
Même si les entreprises multinationales ( Multinational Enterprises – MNEs) sont largement reconnues pour fournir des emplois à un nombre important de femmes dans le monde, des preuves empiriques suggèrent que les inégalités existantes entre les sexes peuvent être aggravées plutôt que atténuées dans leurs filiales. S’appuyant sur la théorie des genres, notre recherche vise à mieux comprendre comment le genre est interprété et mis en œuvre différemment dans les filiales des MNEs par rapport aux entreprises domestiques, plus particulièrement en ce qui concerne les impacts différentiels de la parentalité sur les écarts salariaux entre les employés masculins et féminins. En raison des conditions de travail relativement plus exigeantes dans les filiales des MNEs et de leurs politiques et pratiques sexospécifiques, nous émettons l’hypothèse que la pénalité de maternité et la prime de paternité sont plus importantes dans les filiales des MNEs que dans les entreprises domestiques. Utilisant une large base de données microéconomiques sur plus de 36500 employés dans 57 pays, nous constatons une prime de paternité plus i |
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ISSN: | 0047-2506 1478-6990 |
DOI: | 10.1057/s41267-024-00691-w |