The relation of fluxes and forces to work in nonequilibrium systems

Prior work has shown that an excess work is necessary to displace a chemical or physical system from a stationary state, and this excess work determines the stationary distribution of a stochastic birth–death master equation. We derive the augmentation of this master equation for a one-variable syst...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of chemical physics 1991-10, Vol.95 (7), p.5206-5211
Main Authors: ROSS, J, HARDING, R. H, WOLFF, A. N, XIAOLIN CHU
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acoustics
Exact sciences and technology
Fundamental areas of phenomenology (including applications)
Physics
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Summary:Prior work has shown that an excess work is necessary to displace a chemical or physical system from a stationary state, and this excess work determines the stationary distribution of a stochastic birth–death master equation. We derive the augmentation of this master equation for a one-variable system in the presence of external noise. When this noise is much larger than internal noise, but still small compared to macroscopic averages, then the stationary distribution reduces to a form suggested by Landau and Schlögl, which is the integral of the flux of the deterministic kinetic equation. A similar result was obtained on the basis of an assumed Fokker–Planck equation. Hence, in the presence of external forces exceeding in intensity the internal fluctuations, fluxes are proportional to forces without linearization in concentrations.
ISSN:0021-9606
1089-7690
DOI:10.1063/1.461689