Evolutionary specialization of the nuclear targeting apparatus

The alpha- and beta-karyopherins (Kaps), also called importins, mediate the nuclear transport of proteins. All alpha-Kaps contain a central domain composed of eight approximately 40 amino acid, tandemly arranged, armadillo-like (Arm) repeats. The number and order of these repeats have not changed si...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 1997-12, Vol.94 (25), p.13738-13742
Main Authors: Malik, H.S, Eickbush, T.H, Goldfarb, D.S
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
alpha Karyopherins
ALPHA-KARYOPHERIN
Amino Acid Sequence
Amino acids
ANIMAL
ANIMAL PROTEINS
ANIMALES
ANIMALS
ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA
ARM REPEATS
Armadillo Domain Proteins
ARMADILLO MOTIFS
beta Karyopherins
BETA-KARYOPHERIN
BINDING PROTEINS
BIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES
Biological Sciences
DIFERENCIAS BIOLOGICAS
DIFFERENCE BIOLOGIQUE
Drosophila
DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
Drosophila Proteins
Evolution
Evolution, Molecular
FILOGENIA
HEAT MOTIFS
HEAT REPEATS
Humans
IMPORTINS
Insect Proteins - genetics
Karyopherins
Models, Genetic
Molecular Sequence Data
Nuclear Envelope - metabolism
Nuclear pore
Nuclear Proteins - genetics
Nuclear Proteins - metabolism
PHYLOGENETICS
PHYLOGENIE
PHYLOGENY
PLANT PROTEINS
PROTEINAS
PROTEINAS AGLUTINANTES
PROTEINE
PROTEINE DE LIAISON
PROTEINS
Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
SIGNAL PEPTIDE
SPECIES DIFFERENCES
Trans-Activators
Yeasts
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Summary:The alpha- and beta-karyopherins (Kaps), also called importins, mediate the nuclear transport of proteins. All alpha-Kaps contain a central domain composed of eight approximately 40 amino acid, tandemly arranged, armadillo-like (Arm) repeats. The number and order of these repeats have not changed since the common origin of fungi, plants, and mammals. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that the various alpha-Kaps fall into two groups, alpha 1 and alpha 2. Whereas animals encode both types, the yeast genome encodes only an alpha 1-Kap. The beta-Kaps are characterized by 14-15 tandemly arranged HEAT motifs. We show that the Arm repeats of alpha-Kaps and the HEAT motifs of beta-Kaps are similar, suggesting that the alpha-Kaps and beta-Kaps (and for that matter, all Arm and HEAT repeat-containing proteins) are members of the same protein superfamily. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that there are at least three major groups of beta-Kaps, consistent with their proposed cargo specificities. We present a model in which an alpha-independent beta-Kap progenitor gave rise to the alpha-dependent beta-Kaps and the alpha-Kaps
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.94.25.13738