Prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms during pregnancy in the middle belt of Nigeria

• Published in: The Journal of asthma 2020-07, Vol.57 (7), p.703-712
• Main Authors: Desalu, Olufemi O., Adesina, Kikelomo T., Ojuawo, Olutobi B., Ogunlaja, Idowu P., Alaofin, Wemimo A., Aladesanmi, Adeniyi. O., Opeyemi, Christopher M., Oguntoye, Micheal S., Salami, Alakija K
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Africa; Anti-Asthmatic Agents - therapeutic use; Asthma; Asthma - drug therapy; Asthma - epidemiology; asthma attack; asthma medication; Cost of Illness; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dyspnea - epidemiology; Female; Geography; Humans; Nigeria - epidemiology; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications - drug therapy; Pregnancy Complications - epidemiology; Prevalence; Respiratory Sounds; respiratory symptoms; Self Report - statistics & numerical data; Surveys and Questionnaires - statistics & numerical data; wheezing; Young Adult
• ISSN: 0277-0903; 1532-4303
• DOI: 10.1080/02770903.2019.1606236

Background: Information about the burden of asthma during pregnancy in Africa is scarce. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms in pregnancy in Ilorin, Nigeria. Methods: This study uses the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire and definitions to screen 870 pregnant women attending three hospitals for asthma. Results: The prevalence of possible asthma (i.e. awakened by shortness of breath, asthma attack(s) in the last 12 months, or currently taking asthma medication) was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.3-3.1%), physician-diagnosed asthma was 1.0% (95% CI: 0.5-1.7%), and current asthma (asthma attack in the last 12 months and currently taking asthma medication) was 0.7% (95% CI: 0.2-1.3%). The prevalence of respiratory symptoms ranged from 0.6% (95% CI: 0.1-1.1%) for wheezing without cold to 12.9% (95% CI: 10.7-15.2%) for nasal allergies. Less than 1% reported an asthma attack and using asthma medication in the last 12 months. None of the pregnant women smoked tobacco during pregnancy. Pregnant women with possible asthma experienced more respiratory symptoms and worsening symptoms than those without asthma (15.8% vs. 3.9%), and the most reported symptom was being awakened by shortness of breath. The majority (55.6%) with physician-diagnosed asthma had suffered an asthma attack in the current pregnancy with a median of two attacks. Conclusion: The prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms in pregnancy in this sample was low, but we observed an increase and worsening of respiratory symptoms during pregnancy in those with asthma. Hence, the priority of clinicians should be disease control to prevent feto-maternal morbidity and mortality.