Validation of ELISA methods for search and quantification of β-n-methylamino-l-alanine in water and fish tissue

• Published in: International journal of environmental analytical chemistry 2016-10, Vol.96 (13), p.1290-1299
• Main Authors: Clausi, Maria Teresa, Vita, Valeria, Bruno, Milena, Franchino, Cinzia, Trifirò, Gianluca, Palumbo, Maria Paola, Floridi, Francesca, De Pace, Rita
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Cyanobacteria; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; fish muscle; method validation; water; β-n-Methylamino-l-alanine
• ISSN: 0306-7319; 1029-0397
• DOI: 10.1080/03067319.2016.1249480

Water basins with low hydrodynamic activities can promote the growth and increase in algal biomass due to eutrophication, and toxic cyanobacteria species might then produce metabolites hazardous to human health. Over the last decade, a neurotoxic non-protein amino acid, (2S)-2-amino-3-(methylamino) propanoic acid, known as β-N-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA), has become of particular interest because it has been hypothesised to be involved in progressive human neurodegenerative pathologies. This toxin can be found both in algal cells and free in water, as well as in some foods of aquatic and terrestrial origin. Analytical methods used for BMAA are often based on chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry, although these techniques involve long and expensive analysis. As the availability of a faster and cheaper screening method would be useful, we tested the only available Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay kit for BMAA evaluation and validated methods to verify their reliability for the analysis of water and fish muscle. For both matrices, we determined adequate selectivity and repeatability (relative standard deviation < 6%), with recoveries from 70% to 83% at the tested spiking levels; the methods were also robust. These data appear in contrast to a previous evaluation carried out on the same kit in 2013, although this might depend on an improvement to the kit performance. We can conclude that a preliminary determination of BMAA in water, and also in fish tissue after an adequate extraction procedure, can be performed efficiently with the tested kit, which provides for easier monitoring of this dangerous toxin.