Fundamentals of welding metals to ceramic materials

Ceramics are extremely difficult to weld, because ceramics are brittle and do not deform plastically. The ceramic and the metal should have low thermal expansions and be matched so the ceramic is kept in compression as much as possible. High metal temperatures (0.94-0.97 T sub m ) are recommended to...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Welding international 1993-01, Vol.7 (12), p.991-996
Main Authors: Karakozov, E S, Konyushkov, G V, Musin, R A
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Applied sciences
Exact sciences and technology
Joining, thermal cutting: metallurgical aspects
Metals. Metallurgy
Welding
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Summary:Ceramics are extremely difficult to weld, because ceramics are brittle and do not deform plastically. The ceramic and the metal should have low thermal expansions and be matched so the ceramic is kept in compression as much as possible. High metal temperatures (0.94-0.97 T sub m ) are recommended to enhance reaction and diffusion between the ceramic and the metal. When possible the metal should be thin so as to encourage plastic flow in the metal. Diffusion bonding interlayers are desirable since they tend to distribute stresses through the interlayer thickness. Ceramics are subject to fracture by transient heating since ceramics generally have low thermal conductivities. It is important to minimize transient thermal loads by careful preheat and cooling rates. Experimental data for metal (Pb, Al, Cu, Ni, Fe)/aluminum oxide and aluminum alloys (AD1, AMg3, AMg6)piezo ceramic joining drawn from previous works is used to illustrate the principles discussed.
ISSN:0950-7116
1754-2138
DOI:10.1080/09507119309548532