Neonatal Intensive-Care Unit Graduates Show Persistent Difficulties in an Intradimensional Shift Card Sort

Neonatal intensive-care unit (NICU) graduates, a group at risk for attention problems and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, performed an intradimensional shift card sort at 34, 42, 51, and 60 months to assess executive function and to examine effects of individual risk factors. In the "...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of cognition and development 2013-10, Vol.14 (4), p.633-650
Main Authors: Kittler, Phyllis M., Brooks, Patricia J., Rossi, Vanessa, Karmel, Bernard Z., Gardner, Judith M., Flory, Michael J.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anatomy
At Risk Persons
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Biological and medical sciences
Birth
Body Weight
Child
Child development
Developmental psychology
Educational Attainment
Effects
Executive Function
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Games
Hospitalized Children
Injuries
Intensive care
Mothers
Neonatal care
Neonates
Neurological Impairments
Prenatal Influences
Preschool Education
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Risk factors
Task Analysis
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Summary:Neonatal intensive-care unit (NICU) graduates, a group at risk for attention problems and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, performed an intradimensional shift card sort at 34, 42, 51, and 60 months to assess executive function and to examine effects of individual risk factors. In the "silly" game, children sorted cards (airplanes and dogs) so they were not the same as targets. In the "same" game, they did the opposite. Performance on the "silly" game was poor, especially when it was presented first. Success in following "silly" game rules improved with age and was significantly linked to maternal education and birth weight for gestational age, a measure of intrauterine stress. Degree of central nervous system injury differentiated children who completed the task from children who did not, and it also affected the need to repeat instructions in the "same" game. These results confirm an increased likelihood of impairments in executive function during preschool years in NICU graduates.
ISSN:1524-8372
1532-7647
DOI:10.1080/15248372.2012.698433