Neuropsychological predictors of health and safety abilities in dementia

• Published in: Applied neuropsychology. Adult 2021-01, Vol.28 (1), p.94-106
• Main Authors: Emmert, Natalie A., Schwarz, Lauren R., Vander Wal, Jillon S., Gfeller, Jeffrey D.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: cognition; dementia; depression; health and safety; Independent Living Scales
• ISSN: 2327-9095; 2327-9109
• DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2019.1599893

The Independent Living Scales Health and Safety (ILS HS) scale is commonly used by neuropsychologists when evaluating older adults' instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). However, there is a minimal amount of research on its use in dementia populations and, specifically, its relationship to other neuropsychological measures. The present study investigated relationships between the ILS HS scale and measures of cognition and depression. The study utilized archival data from a sample (N = 142) of older adults (mean age = 77.85) diagnosed with dementia, who were evaluated at Saint Louis University Medical Center and administered the ILS HS scale as part of a larger clinical neuropsychological evaluation. Multiple regression analyses demonstrated that up to 37% of the variance in ILS HS performance was accounted for by demographic variables, premorbid intelligence, and cognitive functioning (e.g., global cognition, delayed verbal recall, and executive functioning), and regression models demonstrated medium to large effect sizes. Depression and self- or informant-reported IADLs were unrelated to the ILS HS scale. Results suggest that older adults' ability to function in health and safety-related situations requires a range of cognitive abilities. Performance on these measures may help guide clinical decision making regarding independent living and treatment planning.