Eliminating Indefiniteness of Clinical Spectrum for Better Screening COVID-19

• Published in: IEEE journal of biomedical and health informatics 2021-05, Vol.25 (5), p.1347-1357
• Main Authors: Guo, Guangyu, Liu, Zhuoyan, Zhao, Shijie, Guo, Lei, Liu, Tianming
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Algorithms; Area Under Curve; Classification; clinical spectrum; Coders; Computed tomography; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; COVID-19 - diagnosis; COVID-19 Testing; Databases, Factual; Developing countries; Diagnosis; Encoders-Decoders; Humans; indefiniteness elimination; LDCs; Medical diagnosis; Medical diagnostic imaging; Multilayers; neural network; Neural networks; Neural Networks, Computer; Polymerase chain reaction; Prediction algorithms; quick screening; Reproducibility of Results; Reverse transcription; Testing; Time Factors; Viral diseases; X-ray imaging
• ISSN: 2168-2194; 2168-2208
• DOI: 10.1109/JBHI.2021.3060035

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has swept all over the world. Due to the limited detection facilities, especially in developing countries, a large number of suspected cases can only receive common clinical diagnosis rather than more effective detections like Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) tests or CT scans. This motivates us to develop a quick screening method via common clinical diagnosis results. However, the diagnostic items of different patients may vary greatly, and there is a huge variation in the dimension of the diagnosis data among different suspected patients, it is hard to process these indefinite dimension data via classical classification algorithms. To resolve this problem, we propose an Indefiniteness Elimination Network (IE-Net) to eliminate the influence of the varied dimensions and make predictions about the COVID-19 cases. The IE-Net is in an encoder-decoder framework fashion, and an indefiniteness elimination operation is proposed to transfer the indefinite dimension feature into a fixed dimension feature. Comprehensive experiments were conducted on the public available COVID-19 Clinical Spectrum dataset. Experimental results show that the proposed indefiniteness elimination operation greatly improves the classification performance, the IE-Net achieves 94.80% accuracy, 92.79% recall, 92.97% precision and 94.93% AUC for distinguishing COVID-19 cases from non-COVID-19 cases with only common clinical diagnose data. We further compared our methods with 3 classical classification algorithms: random forest, gradient boosting and multi-layer perceptron (MLP). To explore each clinical test item's specificity, we further analyzed the possible relationship between each clinical test item and COVID-19.