Resolution Enhancement for Large-Scale Real Beam Mapping Based on Adaptive Low-Rank Approximation

• Published in: IEEE transactions on geoscience and remote sensing 2022, Vol.60, p.1-21
• Main Authors: Zhang, Yongchao, Luo, Jiawei, Zhang, Yongwei, Huang, Yulin, Cai, Xiaochun, Yang, Jianyu, Mao, Deqing, Li, Jie, Tuo, Xingyu, Zhang, Yin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adaptive arrays; Adaptive parameter selection; Angular resolution; Antenna measurements; Antennas; Approximation; Azimuth; closed-form function; Complexity; Computational complexity; Computational modeling; Computer applications; Datasets; Echoes; Fourier analysis; Fourier transforms; Imagery; low-rank approximation (LRA); Mapping; Mathematical analysis; Matrices (mathematics); Methods; Microbalances; Parameters; real beam mapping (RBM); Reflectance; Remote sensing; Resolution; Sensors; Singular value decomposition; super-resolution (SR); Wavelength
• ISSN: 0196-2892; 1558-0644
• DOI: 10.1109/TGRS.2022.3202073

Recently, a variety of super-resolution (SR) methods have been devoted to enhancing the angular resolution of real beam mapping (RBM) imagery in modern microwave remote sensing applications. When addressing large-scale datasets, however, they suffer from notably high computational complexity due to high-dimensional matrix inversion, multiplication, or singular value decomposition (SVD). To overcome this limitation, this article presents a low-complexity SR strategy based on adaptive low-rank approximation (LRA). Our underlying idea is first to construct a random matrix sketching to sample the raw echo measurements and restore the surface map of reflectivity in a low-dimensional linear space. The resulting low-complexity strategy enables substantial computational complexity reduction for a group of SR methods, at the cost of introducing a manually adjusted LRA parameter. Using the Fourier transform-based antenna analysis method, we further reveal that the LRA parameter that ensures support resolution improvement can be determined by a closed-form function of the aperture length, the wavelength, and the field of view, allowing for adaptively and efficiently selecting the optimal LRA parameter that well balances the tradeoff between LRA error and computational efficiency. We use both simulated and real datasets to demonstrate that the proposed LRA-based SR strategy can provide significant speedup without performance loss.