Lunch Habits of German Children and Adolescents: Composition and Dietary Quality

• Published in: Annals of nutrition and metabolism 2013-01, Vol.62 (1), p.75-79
• Main Authors: Alexy, U., Freese, J., Kersting, M., Clausen, K.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Beverages; Child; Child, Preschool; Children & youth; Diet; Diet - standards; Diet Records; Diet Surveys; Energy Intake; Feeding Behavior; Female; Germany; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Lunch; Male; Meals; Meat; Original Paper; Vegetarianism
• ISSN: 0250-6807; 1421-9697
• DOI: 10.1159/000343785

Background/Aims: Data from the ongoing, open-cohort Dortmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study were used to describe warm family lunch meals and the association of the lunch composition with total diet quality. Methods: 2,095 three-day weighed dietary records, collected between 2004 and 2009, from a 4- to 18-year-old DONALD study subgroup were used. Results: Warm lunch (eating occasions between 11.30 a.m. and 2.29 p.m. including at least one course that is typically consumed warm) was eaten on 68.8% of all record days. Meat lunch (>50%) was predominant, followed by vegetarian (25%), fish (13%) and sweet lunch meals (3%). The prevalence of desserts at lunch was high and beverages were drunk at 80% of lunch meals. A meat lunch was associated with a higher protein (+1.4% energy intake, %E) and fat intake (+1.7%E) than a sweet lunch; also densities of vitamin A, folate and iron were higher. A dessert at lunch decreased protein intake slightly (–0.2%E), but increased carbohydrate (+0.7%E) and added sugar intake (+1.4%E) as well as density of calcium (+18 mg/MJ). Conclusion: Our study proves the impact of lunch on daily dietary quality and yields valuable insights on the development of food and meal-based dietary guidelines.