Clinical Practice Patterns for Hydroxyurea Initiation in Young Children with Sickle Cell Disease

• Published in: Blood 2019-11, Vol.134 (Supplement_1), p.4713-4713
• Main Authors: Hood, Anna M, Johnson, Yolanda, Nwankwo, Cara, Shook, Lisa M, Hildenbrand, Aimee K, King, Allison A., Smith-Whitley, Kim, Badawy, Sherif M., Thompson, Alexis A, Creary, Susan E, Piccone, Connie M., Neumayr, Lynne D., Raphael, Jean L., Yates, Amber M, Rana, Sohail, Reader, Steven K, Meier, Emily Riehm, Sobota, Amy, Crosby, Lori E.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0006-4971; 1528-0020
• DOI: 10.1182/blood-2019-124835

Background: The FDA approved hydroxyurea (HU) for the treatment of sickle cell disease (SCD) in children because it was deemed a safe and efficacious treatment. HU modifies the course of the disease, reduces complications, improves survival, and has few long-term side effects. Despite these benefits, HU uptake remains low for young children. Over 75% of patients who could benefit from HU do not receive the treatment. NHLBI clinical practice guidelines recommend use of shared decision making for HU initiation but currently, there is no “gold standard” for hematology providers to follow when beginning their discussion about HU. Thus, there is likely a gap between care guidelines and clinical practice. A first step in closing this gap is to better understand the current practice utilized by hematology providers when discussing HU as a therapeutic option. Objectives: The goal of the present study is to describe current practice used by hematology providers when discussing HU with parents of young children with SCD (0 - 5 years of age), Our primary aims are: 1) Map the process of offering HU to identify common themes, overlaps, and variations, 2) Examine the impact of a brief video presentation about the NHLBI HU guidelines on provider knowledge and comfort levels. Methods: The dissemination of methods to increase adherence to NHLBI HU guidelines are being evaluated as part of a clinical trial (NCT03442114). Hematology providers at 6 children's hospitals serving young patients with SCD completed process maps that described their current practice for discussing HU initiation with parents. Twenty five hematology providers at 10 institutions across the United States viewed a video didactic presentation on the NHLBI HU guidelines for SCD. Knowledge and comfort regarding discussing HU was assessed using a 10-point scale before and after the video. We also collected data on provider demographics, years practicing, and percentage of patients seen with SCD each week in their practice. Results: Preliminary analyses identified common themes (see Table 1 for provider characteristics). All 6 sites reported that labs and vitals were taken prior to the visit so they could be reviewed with the family. A medical doctor, nurse practitioner, or licensed practical nurse (LPN) led the HU initiation discussion. The majority of sites give their families HU-related materials to take home after the discussion and followed-up regarding the family's decision at the next clinic visit (i.