Efficacy of Avapritinib in Patients with Advanced Systemic Mastocytosis: Hematologic and Bone Marrow Responses from the Phase 2 Open-Label, Single-Arm, Pathfinder Study

• Published in: Blood 2021-11, Vol.138 (Supplement 1), p.2565-2565
• Main Authors: George, Tracy I., Karner, Kristin H., Moser, Karen A., Rets, Anton, Fredericks, Michelle, Reiter, Andreas, Radia, Deepti H., Deininger, Michael W., Lin, Hui-Min, Sen, Jayita, Gotlib, Jason, Dimitrijević, Saša, DeAngelo, Daniel J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0006-4971; 1528-0020
• DOI: 10.1182/blood-2021-146873

▪ Introduction: Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a mast cell (MC) neoplasm driven by the KIT D816V mutation in approximately 95% of cases, resulting in MC hyperactivation and accumulation in various organs. Diagnosis of SM includes evaluation of MC aggregates in extracutaneous organs, atypical MC morphology and expression of CD25 with or without CD2, detection of the KIT D816V mutation, and a serum tryptase level of >20 ng/ml. In addition to these diagnostic parameters, expression of CD30 has been observed on neoplastic MCs in patients with SM. Avapritinib, a highly potent and selective KIT D816V inhibitor, is now approved by the FDA for use in advanced SM (AdvSM) based on the phase 1 EXPLORER and phase 2 PATHFINDER studies. In EXPLORER, avapritinib markedly reduced the bone marrow (BM) MC burden in patients with AdvSM. Here, we describe a comprehensive evaluation of the effect of avapritinib on MC burden, morphology, and immunohistochemistry in BM, BM cellularity and fibrosis, as well as changes in selected hematologic parameters in patients with AdvSM from the pivotal phase 2 open-label, single-arm PATHFINDER (NCT03580655) study. Methods: Patients aged ≥18 years with centrally confirmed AdvSM were treated with avapritinib 200 mg once daily. Peripheral blood smears, bone marrow biopsies (BMBs), and aspirates (BMAs) were obtained at screening, and after 8 and 24 weeks. Evaluations of morphology were performed using standard Wright-Giemsa and H&E staining, while immunohistochemistry was performed on formalin-fixed EDTA-decalcified BM sections using standard techniques for tryptase, CD117, CD25, and CD30. Staining was also performed to detect reticulin and collagen fibrosis. Complete blood counts and differentials were performed at screening, and after 8 and 24 weeks. Results: In an interim analysis of PATHFINDER, the overall response rate (per modified International Working Group-Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Research and Treatment and European Competence Network on Mastocytosis response) was 75% in 32 evaluable patients with AdvSM who received avapritinib. Reductions of ≥50% in BM MCs were observed in 88% (44/50) of patients and 60% of patients (30/50) had elimination of BM MC aggregates. Following treatment with avapritinib, an overall decrease in MC burden was observed in BMBs with a mean decrease of 64% at Week 8 (n=47) and 73% at Week 24 (n=24), and was associated with a decrease in the percentage of MC aggregates. Avapritinib treatment also resulted in re