Real World Outcomes of Patients with Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation after Induction with Liposomal Daunorubicin-Cytarabine (CPX-351)

• Published in: Blood 2023-11, Vol.142 (Supplement 1), p.5938-5938
• Main Authors: Kaleka, Guneet, Ngo, Dat, Yang, Dongyun, Mokhtari, Sally, Marcucci, Guido, Nakamura, Ryotaro, Pullarkat, Vinod, Oliai, Caspian H., Salhotra, Amandeep
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0006-4971; 1528-0020
• DOI: 10.1182/blood-2023-183053

Background: Liposomal Daunorubicin-Cytarabine (CPX-351 or Vyxeos), is approved for upfront treatment of adult and pediatric patients with secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia (sAML) based on results of a randomized phase 3 trial comparing CPX-351 to conventional chemotherapy with 7+3 regimen. The study showed CPX-351 treated patients demonstrated superior complete remission (CR) rates and overall survival (OS) [Lancet et al JCO 2018]. In this study, a higher proportion of CPX-351 treated patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT), and landmark OS analysis favored CPX-351 treated patients (HR=0.46; 95% CI: 0.24-0.89; p=0.009). Herein, we reviewed City of Hope (COH) and University of California Los Angeles Medical Center (UCLA) database for patients with sAML who underwent allogeneic HCT after CPX-351 induction to investigate OS and disease-free survival (DFS) outcomes of alloHCT in CPX-351 treated patients and to investigate if HCT outcomes are impacted by achievement of pre-HCT measurable residual disease (MRD) negative remission. Methods: We conducted a multi-center retrospective review of 38 consecutive patients who received CPX-351-based induction before allogeneic HCT to treat sAML, at COH (n=10) and UCLA (n=28), between 2017-2021. The primary endpoint was 2-year OS and DFS in all patients. Secondary outcomes included MRD-ve complete remission (CR) after CPX-351 induction. CR was defined as 1000/µL and platelets ≥100,000/µL. Patients without CRh were categorized as CR with incomplete blood recovery (CRi). MRD assessment was done on day-28 BM aspirate using multiparametric flow cytometric (FC) assay with lower limit of sensitivity of 0.01%. OS was defined as the time from the start of therapy to death and patients were censored if alive at the last follow-up, DFS was defined as the time interval from the date of response to relapse or death, whichever occurred first, and patients were censored at the last follow-up if still leukemia free. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient demographics, and disease characteristics. Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank test were used to evaluate OS and LFS. Results: Patients' demographic and disease features are summarized in Table 1. Briefly, the median age at diagnosis was 65 years (range: 14-77) and median blast percentage in BM at diagnosis was 34% (ra