Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Versus Bone Marrow Graft for Non-T-Depleted Haploidentical Transplantation with Post-Transplant Cyclophosphamide in Patients with Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia in First Complete Remission: A Study from the ALWP/EBMT

• Published in: Blood 2024-11, Vol.144 (Supplement 1), p.2190-2190
• Main Authors: Nagler, Arnon, Ferhat, Allain-Thibeault, Blaise, Didier, Koc, Yener, Angelucci, Emanuele, Busca, Alessandro, Pavlu, Jiri, Bramanti, Stefania, Itäla-remes, Maija, Bermudez Rodriguez, Maria Aranzazu, Vydra, Jan, Kulagin, Alexander, Bazarbachi, Ali, Savani, Bipin N., Ciceri, Fabio, Mohty, Mohamad
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0006-4971; 1528-0020
• DOI: 10.1182/blood-2024-193936

Background: Secondary acute myeloid leukemia (sAML) is a distinct type of high risk AML with inferior outcome. Haploidentical stem cell transplantation (HaploSCT) with post-transplant cyclophosphamide (PTCy) is an encouraging therapeutic option for sAML (J Hematol Oncol 2023, 16(1):106). However, in the context of sAML, it is still unknown whether peripheral blood (PB) or bone marrow (BM) is the best graftsource. In view of the high relapse incidence (RI) accompanying sAML, PB grafts, potentially with a stronger graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect, may be beneficial. Methods: The study aim was to compare PB vs. BM as a graft source for HaploSCT with PTCy performed between 2010 and 2022 in patients (pts) with sAML in first complete remission (CR1). Statistical tests included a multivariable analysis (MVA) using a Cox proportional-hazards regression model for main outcomes. Results: A total of 554 pts were included, 418 with PB and 136 with BM grafts. Median follow-up was 2.8 years (interquartile range [2.5 - 3]) and 4.1 years [3.4 - 5.3], respectively. The median year of the transplant was 2019 (range, 2011-2021) in pts with PB and 2017 (range, 2010-2022) in those with BM grafts (p