Comparing Outcomes between CPX-351 and Fludarabine-Based Induction in Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia in the Real-World Setting: The Prognostic Role of Measurable Residual Disease

• Published in: Blood 2024-11, Vol.144 (Supplement 1), p.1482-1482
• Main Authors: Riva, Carola, Minetto, Paola, Chies, Maria, Maio, Elena, Azzanelli, Ylenia, Zecchetti, Giada, Colombo, Nicoletta, Rosellini, Sara, Parodi, Alessia, Tedone, Elisabetta, Carminati, Enrico, Fugazza, Giuseppina, Nozza, Paolo, Cea, Michele, Lemoli, Roberto Massimo, Guolo, Fabio
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0006-4971; 1528-0020
• DOI: 10.1182/blood-2024-198174

BACKGROUND: Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia (s-AML) arising from a preceding hematologic disorder (MRC-AML) or developing after prior cytotoxic therapy (t-AML) are characterized by a high frequency of high-risk cytogenetic and molecular aberrations, leading to poor complete remission (CR) rates and overall survival (OS). Performing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in first CR, especially with negative Minimal Residual Disease (MRD), enhances the chance of cure, however, MRD negativity is hardly achieved with conventional treatments. Recently CPX-351 showed better results compared to conventional treatments in elderly s-AML patients. In the UK NCRI AML19 trial CPX-351 and FLAG-IDA had similar results in high-risk AML with subgroup analysis revealing better OS with CPX-351 in patients with MDS-related gene mutations. AIMS: This study aimed to compare the probability of achieving MRD negativity and its prognostic relevance in a cohort of patient affected by s-AML receiving an induction therapy with CPX-351 or a fludarabine, high dose cytarabine, idarubicin age-adjusted regimen (FLAI). METHODS: One hundred-eighty three elderly patients (median age 69, range 60-77) were diagnosed with s- AML, according to WHO 2016 classification. Patients treated after January 2019 (n=82) received CPX-351 according to EMA approval, while patients treated before January (n=101) received an fludarabine-high dose cytarabine-idarubicin age adjusted regimen. MRD analysis was conducted in all CR patients using multicolor flow cytometry (MFC), with a 0.1% threshold. Among patients receiving CPX-351, 20 were diagnosed with t-AML (24%) and 62 with MRC-AML (76%). The majority (77/82, 94%) had MDS-defining cytogenetic and/or molecular abnormalities. A complex karyotype was found in 38 patients (46%) and TP53 mutation in 22 (27%). In the FLAI arm, 18 (18%) had t-AML and 83 (83%) had MRC-AML. ELN 2017 risk was favorable (8%, n=7 and 11% n=11), intermediate (39%, n=32 and 49% n=49) and unfavorable (53%, n=43 and41%, n=41) in CPX arm and FLAI arm, respectively. RESULTS: After first cycle, CR was achieved in a total 119 patients (65%). CR rate was 64/82 in patients treated with CPX-351 (78%), significantly higher when compared to patients receiving FLAI (55/101, 54.5%, p