FLAG-Idarubicin Is Superior to Cytarabine Plus Idarubicin (7+3) for Initial Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): A Multivariable Analysis of Patients Treated at a Single Center

• Published in: Blood 2014-12, Vol.124 (21), p.3728-3728
• Main Authors: Mihelic, Ronald, Dickhaus, Elizabeth, Brown, Stacey, Zhang, Xu, Solomon, Scott R., Morris, Lawrence E., Bashey, Asad, Holland, H. Kent
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0006-4971; 1528-0020
• DOI: 10.1182/blood.V124.21.3728.3728

Introduction Combination chemotherapy with a seven-day continuous infusion of cytarabine (100-200mg/m2/d) plus 3 days of an anthracycline (7+3 ) is considered standard of care for remission induction in newly diagnosed patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) However, the MRC AML 15 trial (Burnett et al. J Clin Oncol 2013, 31:3360) suggested that in younger AML patients, a combination regimen containing fludarabine plus intermediate dose cytarabine x 5 days with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (GCSF) and idarubicin x 3 days (FLAG-Ida) may produce higher CR rates after one course and reduced relapse rates than a combination of cytarabine and daunorubicin given for 3+8 days. The schedule of cytarabine given during DA in the MRC AML 15 trial was not the same as the continuous infusion cytarabine given as standard of care for 3+7 regimens in the United States. We compared standard continuous infusion cytarabine (100mg-200mg/m2/d x 7 days) plus idarubicin (12 mg/m2 /d x 3 days) (AI) administered at our center to FLAG-Ida (fludarabine 25-30mg/m2/d followed 4 hours later by cytarabine (2g/m2/d) x 5 days with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor beginning day 1 until count recovery and idarubicin 10 mg/m2/d x 3 d with respect to safety and efficacy in the initial induction therapy of newly diagnosed AML Methods Patients with newly diagnosed AML who received remission induction therapy with FLAG-Ida or AI were identified from January 1 2008 through May 2014. Patients with M3 FAB subtype and those with relapsed or refractory AML were excluded. Supportive care measures were standardized and identical between the two groups. Primary endpoints included complete remission rate post induction therapy, overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS). Remission status was categorized into complete remission (CR), incomplete remission (CRi), and primary induction failure (PIF). Secondary endpoints included non-relapse related mortality (NRM), time to neutrophil recovery >1000 and time to platelet recovery > 100K. CR, CRi and PIF were defined according to the International Working Group recommendations (Cheson B et al. J Clin Oncol 2003 Dec; 21 (24) 4624-49). NRM was defined as death by any cause through day 30 of induction therapy. OS was defined as time from start of therapy to death and DFS was time from diagnosis to relapse or non-relapse death. Subgroups analysis for the primary endpoints were completed based on age (≥60 and