Incidence of Infectious Complications Associated with Bendamustine and Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody Combination at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC)

• Published in: Blood 2016-12, Vol.128 (22), p.1778-1778
• Main Authors: Dang, Thu Oanh, Ni, Ai, Gerecitano, John F, Hamlin, Paul A, Hohl, Tobias M, Kumar, Anita, Moskowitz, Alison J., Moskowitz, Craig H, Noy, Ariela, Palomba, Lia, Portlock, Carol S, Matasar, Matthew J., Younes, Anas, Zelenetz, Andrew D., Straus, David J
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0006-4971; 1528-0020
• DOI: 10.1182/blood.V128.22.1778.1778

Introduction: The combination of bendamustine (B) and rituximab (R) is an effective and relatively well tolerated treatment for B-cell malignancies. However, there is increased concern regarding infectious complications since FDA approval, in particular due to reports of prolonged and profound lymphopenia associated with BR. [Saito, Blood Cancer J 2015; Garcia-Munoz, Ann Hematol 2014] There have been numerous case reports of opportunistic infection (OI) with BR, such as viral reactivation (HBV, VZV, HSV, CMV, EBV) and Pneumocystis jiroveci. [Abkur, Clinical Case Reports 2015; Carter, Leuk Res 2011; Tsutsumi, Int J Hematol 2012; Lim, Ann Hematol 2011] A retrospective analysis conducted in Israel showed that B ± R therapy was associated with 47% incidence of infectious complications (ICs) with 2 out of 183 pts received antimicrobial prophylaxis (ppx) and 65% G-CSF use.[Gafter-Gvili, Blood 2014, abs 3077]Another study concluded that a prolonged period of VZV ppx may be advisable with BR.[Allen, Blood 2015, abs 4167] Brugger et al published a practice guide for B-based therapy with a section devoted to discussing potential ICs and considerations for antimicrobial ppx.[Brugger, Oncologist 2013] In prospective trials (StiL and Bright), Rummel et al reported a 37% incidence of unspecified infectious episodes and Flinn et al reported 55% incidence of all infections with 10% OI despite 30% G-CSF use.[Rummel, Lancet 2013, Flinn, Blood 2014] Antimicrobial ppx and G-CSF use were not mandated in those trials. With these reports and OI episodes in a few of our patients, we performed a retrospective analysis at MSKCC to evaluate the incidence of ICs and potential risk factors in patients treated with B and anti-CD20 antibody ± R maintenance. Methods: Pts ≥18 year old with CD20+ NHL and received ≥2 cycles of B and anti-CD20 antibody (rituximab or ofatumumab) ± R maintenance from 2008 through 2015 were included. Pts were excluded if they received B monotherapy, switched treatment before completion of planned course, or underwent stem cell transplantation right after completion of bendamustine combination. Infection data were collected for up to 1 yr post B-based treatment with a cutoff date of 5/1/2016. Adverse drug events (ADEs) including neutropenia, neutropenic fever (NF), lymphopenia, time to lymphocyte recovery, and liver function abnormalities were graded according to CTCAE v4.0. Univariate analysis with Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate the potential risk fac