Effects of Leader's Communication Style and Participative Goal Setting on Performance and Attitudes

• Published in: Human performance 1996-03, Vol.9 (1), p.51-64
• Main Author: Sagie, Abraham
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 0895-9285; 1532-7043
• DOI: 10.1207/s15327043hup0901_3

This study examined hypotheses derived from an integrative goal setting-lead- ership approach. It was hypothesized that leader communication style (high directiveness, low directiveness, or no-nominated leader) and the method used for goal setting (participative, assigned, or do-your-best) affect employees' work outcomes. However, the first variable primarily influences performance, whereas the second has a larger impact on attitudes. A total of 324 subjects participated in a group problem-solving experiment. Performance (percentage of correct solutions, number of questions, and length of time) and attitudes (goal commitment, task difficulty, task interest, and satisfaction) were mea- sured. Generally, results confirmed the hypotheses. Teams with highly directive leaders achieved the highest rates of performance, whereas participative goal setting led to improved attitudes. The combination of high directiveness and participation yielded the best results. Theoretical considerations are discussed and practical implications regarding the compatibility or incompatibility between directive leadership and participatory processes are outlined.