Sex-related differences in symptom presentation of patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage [version 1; peer review: 1 approved with reservations]

• Published in: F1000 research 2022, Vol.11, p.1149
• Main Authors: Westphal, Laura Philine, Bögli, Stefan Yu, Werner, Jana, Casagrande, Francesca, Keller, Emanuela, Brandi, Giovanna
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Aged; Aneurysm, Ruptured; Anisocoria; Female; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm - complications; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - complications; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - diagnosis; Subarachnoid Hemorrhage - epidemiology
• ISSN: 2046-1402; 2046-1402
• DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.124123.1

Background: In patients with myocardial infarction, atypical symptoms at onset have been demonstrated in women. We aimed to investigate the presence of sex-related differences in symptom presentation in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) to enable earlier diagnosis and treatment. Methods: We assessed symptoms on admission to hospital in 343 patients with aSAH in this retrospective single-center cohort-study. Univariate statistical analysis was performed by comparing sexes including the whole study population and subgroups (dichotomized using Fisher scale 1-2 vs. 3-4, WFNS grade 1-3 vs. 4-5, and anterior vs. posterior circulation aneurysms, respectively). Results: The majority of patients was female (63.6%, n=218, vs. 36.4%, n=125), the mean age 57.4 years (standard deviation (SD) 13.3) with older women compared to men (59.2, SD 13.8, vs. 54.4, SD 11.6; p=0.003). Anterior communicating artery (AcomA) aneurysms were most common (30.9%, n=106), predominantly in men (43.2%, n=54, vs. 23.9%, n=52; p=0.0002), whereas posterior communicating artery (PcomA) aneurysms were more frequent in women (19.3%, n=42, vs. 8.8%, n=11; p=0.005). Exercise-induced headache was more often reported by men (10.4%, n=13, vs. 5%, n=11; p=0.04) in all patients as well as in the subgroup of WFNS 1-3. Anisocoria was more frequent in women within the subgroup of severely impaired consciousness (WFNS 4-5; 25.3%, n=22, vs. 10.7%, n=6; p=0.032). For all other symptoms, there was no evidence for sex-specific differences in the whole study group as well as in subgroups. Conclusion: Our results show no evidence for relevant sex-related differences in symptom presentation at onset in aSAH patients. Women presenting with an acute onset anisocoria should be screened even more carefully for an underlying ruptured Pcom aneurysm.