Historical-Discursive Analysis of the Editorial "1964" in Folha de São Paulo

• Published in: Organizacoes & sociedade 2024-01, Vol.31 (108), p.149-175
• Main Authors: Santos, Cynthia Adrielle da Silva, Costa, Alessandra, Saraiva, Luiz Alex Silva
• Format: Article
• Language: eng ; por
• ISSN: 1413-585X; 1984-9230
• DOI: 10.1590/1984-92302024v31n0005en

Abstract The article aims to analyze the Folha de São Paulo editorial "1964" in the light of the historical-discursive approach (HDA), basing the discussion on the concepts of discourse, media and history, and the historiography of the press and dictatorship. This text, published on March 30, 2014, on the eve of the 50th anniversary of the 1964 coup, is part of a broader movement that also includes other newspapers of the mainstream press to reassess and rewrite their history during the period of the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964-1985). The methodology used was the eight stages of the HDA and its five central questions. By identifying three dichotomous macro-topics (support for the military dictatorship as a mistake versus support as a long and painful learning process; the regime's violence versus its economic achievements; and the dispute between revolutionary socialism versus the market economy) and the discursive strategies used (predication, argumentation, perspective, intensification, and mitigation), it was possible to observe that the newspaper discursively: (a) makes the problems caused by the military regime invisible; (b) emphasizes the economic growth that the country experienced during the period; and (c) justifies its actions by linking them to the context of the time, which raises questions about the examination of its position. The main conclusions suggest that the ambiguity with which the company positions itself, attenuating its contribution to the military regime and at the same time intensifying its democratic role, makes sense in the light of a contextualized business strategy and should be considered in the discussion about the interfaces between discourse, media and history. Resumo O artigo tem por objetivo analisar o Editorial “1964” da Folha de São Paulo à luz da Abordagem Histórico-Discursiva (AHD), lastreando a discussão nos conceitos de discurso, mídia e história e a historiografia sobre imprensa e ditadura. Este texto, publicado em 30 de março de 2014, às vésperas do aniversário de cinquenta anos do golpe de 1964, se insere em um movimento mais amplo, que engloba também outros jornais da grande imprensa, de reavaliação e reescrita da sua história durante o período da ditadura militar brasileira (1964-1985). A metodologia empregou os oito estágios da AHD e suas cinco questões centrais. A partir da identificação de três macrotópicos dicotômicos (apoio à ditadura militar como erro versus apoio como longo e doloroso aprendi