Roles of satellite cells and/or myonuclei in the regulation of morphological properties of anti-gravitational skeletal muscle in response to mechanical stress

• Published in: Biological Sciences in Space 2020, Vol.34, pp.1-11
• Main Authors: Ohira, Takashi, Kawano, Fuminori, Ozaki, Yusaku, Fukuda, Shunya, Goto, Katsumasa, Ohira, Yoshinobu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: atrophy and regrowth; growth; mechanical load level; myonuclei; satellite cells; soleus and adductor longus muscles
• ISSN: 0914-9201; 1349-967X
• DOI: 10.2187/bss.34.1

It is well-reported that the morphological properties of skeletal muscles or muscle fibers, which are influenced by the level of protein synthesis and/or degradation, are regulated in response to mechanical load. However, the precise mechanism responsible for such phenomena is not fully understood yet. Changes of the distribution of satellite cells and/or myonuclei have been also noted in atrophied or hypertrophied skeletal muscle fibers, suggesting that the number and/or function of these parameters play essential roles in the regulation of morphological properties of muscle and muscle fibers. Thus, the roles of satellite cells and/or myonuclei in the regulation of morphological properties of anti-gravitational muscle, soleus and adductor longus, in response to the level of mechanical stress, with or without association of macrophage-related factors, were briefly reviewed. It was suggested that a regulatory network among macrophage, interleukin-6, heat shock transcription factor 1, and activation of transcription factor 3 may play a crucial role for the modulation of skeletal muscle mass and function, which are also influenced by activation of satellite cells and distribution of myonuclei.