The control of flowering in the monocarpic perennial Carlina vulgaris

In natural populations of the "biennial" Carlina vulgaris more than 95% of the individuals delayed flowering past the second year. The probability of flowering increased with (in order of importance) increasing size before bolting in June, size before the winter (November of the year befor...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Oikos 1991-05, Vol.61 (1), p.88-95
Main Authors: Klinkhamer, P.G.L, Jong, T.J. de (Leiden Univ. (Netherlands). Dept. of Population Biology), Meelis, E
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ANALISIS ESTADISTICO
ANALYSE STATISTIQUE
Animal and plant ecology
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Autoecology
BIENNIALS
Biological and medical sciences
COMPOSITAE
Dunes
FLORACION
FLORAISON
Flower gardens
FLOWERING
Flowers
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Habitats
Plant growth
Plant nutrition
PLANTAS BIENALES
PLANTE BISANNUELLE
Planting
Plants
Plants and fungi
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
VERNALISATION
VERNALIZACION
VERNALIZATION
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Summary:In natural populations of the "biennial" Carlina vulgaris more than 95% of the individuals delayed flowering past the second year. The probability of flowering increased with (in order of importance) increasing size before bolting in June, size before the winter (November of the year before flowering) and growth in spring (April to June). No significant effect of age was found. In a nutrient rich experimental garden 58% of the individuals flowered in their first year. Laboratory experiments showed that all individuals flowered without cold if they were given "optimal" growing conditions. There was an interaction between the effects of cold and the effects of the long-day period. In large plants a cold treatment reduced the number of days before bolting and reduced the weight at which plants started bolting. Without a cold treatment plants flowered only at a very high weight or after a large number of long days. Small individuals were not responsive to cold. Because there is a size-related effect of cold on the probability of flowering, autumn or spring seedlings are not likely to flower the following season in natural habitats.
ISSN:0030-1299
1600-0706
DOI:10.2307/3545410