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From the mammas to cosmopolitan restaurants: One century of Italian restaurants in the city of São Paulo (Brazil)

The city of São Paulo was officially named as a World Gastronomy Capital, following a widespread campaign which started in the late 1980s and ended with this recognition awarded in 1998. Since then, the city has been trying to establish a foothold as a center of fine cuisine, given it has so many re...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Anthropology of food 2013, Vol.S8
Main Author: Collaço, Janine Helfst Leicht
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:The city of São Paulo was officially named as a World Gastronomy Capital, following a widespread campaign which started in the late 1980s and ended with this recognition awarded in 1998. Since then, the city has been trying to establish a foothold as a center of fine cuisine, given it has so many restaurants and a wide variety of cuisines, as a result of the cultural diversity brought by successive waves of immigrants.Italian cuisine acquired notoriety throughout several phases, from the arrival of the first foreigners to the present time. If at first this cuisine was confined within ethnic neighborhoods, with eminently domestic and feminine characteristics, over time it gained visibility, especially in public spaces, through the creation of restaurants. This process shows how flexible a cuisine may be in its expression of “us” and “the others”.Therefore, rather than exhausting such a wide subject, I focus on the links between cuisine, immigration and urban spaces through Italian restaurants in São Paulo. I divide the study into three time periods: start of the 20th century, mid-1960s and late-1990s, when the city was declared a World Gastronomy Capital, and profound changes were occurring as a result of globalization. L’arrivée au Brésil de très nombreux immigrants italiens, au début du XXe siècle, constitua un phénomène que l’on peut envisager de différentes manières. Ce texte se propose de l’analyser par le truchement de la cuisine italienne qui contribua à la formulation de leur identité urbaine dans la ville de São Paulo. Le contraste entre les habitudes alimentaires italiennes et celles de la population locale donna lieu à des interprétations particulières des recettes italiennes. La disponibilité ou l’absence de certains ingrédients finit par jouer un rôle important, altérant à la longue la conception que les immigrants et la population locale se faisaient de cette cuisine. Les conditions de vie des nouveaux venus et les nouvelles techniques de préparation des mets qui furent adoptées, donnèrent naissance à une cuisine originale et à une organisation des repas dont les procédés offrent un terrain privilégié pour étudier la reformulation de leur identité urbaine et l’importance de leur contribution au développement de la ville. Ce texte se propose donc d’analyser le rôle décisif joué par le travail des femmes dans la restauration hors du foyer. Sous-estimer l’influence de la cuisine italienne pratiquée par les mammas a induit les chercheurs à néglige
ISSN:1609-9168
1609-9168
DOI:10.4000/aof.7353