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Impacto de una pension mınima en la poblacion de tercera edad y sus costos presupuestales. Evidencia para Latinoamerica
This paper examines the impact on old age poverty and the fiscal cost of universal minimum old age pensions in Latin America using recent household survey data for 18 countries. Alleviating old age poverty requires different approach from other age groups and a minimum pension is likely to be the on...
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Published in: | Revista de economia del Rosario 2011, Vol.14 (2), p.135-163 |
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Main Authors: | , , |
Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Subjects: | |
Online Access: | Get full text |
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Summary: | This paper examines the impact on old age poverty and the fiscal cost of universal minimum old age pensions in Latin America using recent household survey data for 18 countries. Alleviating old age poverty requires different approach from other age groups and a minimum pension is likely to be the only alternative available. First we measure old age poverty rates for all countries.
Second we discuss the design of minimum pensions schemes, means-tested or not, as well
as the disincentive effects that they are expected to have on the economic and social behavior of households including labor supply, saving and family solidarity. Third we use the household surveys to simulate the fiscal cost and the impact on poverty rates of alternative minimum pension schemes in the 18 countries. We show that a universal minimum pension would substantially reduce poverty among the elderly except in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Uruguay where minimum
pension systems already exist and poverty rates are low. Such schemes have much to be commended in terms of incentives, spillover effects and administrative simplicity but have a high fiscal cost. The latter is a function of the age at which benefits are awarded, the prevailing longevity, the generosity of benefits, the efficacy of means testing, and naturally the fiscal capacity of the country.
Este artıculo examina el impacto sobre la pobreza y el costo fiscal de una pension mınima universal para la poblacion anciana en Latinoamerica usando datos de encuesta de hogares en 18 paıses. La asistencia a la pobreza de la poblacion anciana necesita de una aproximacion diferente a la de otros grupos de edad y la pension mınima puede ser una opcion alternativa viable. En primer lugar se mide la tasa de pobreza en la poblacion de ancianos. En segundo lugar se discute
el diseño de un esquema de pension mınima, con y sin eligibilidad de la asistencia, asi como el efecto desincentivo que se espera sobre el comportamiento social y economico de las familias, incluyendo la oferta laboral ahorros y solidaridad familiar. Tercero, se utilizan las encuestas de hogares para simular el costo fiscal y el impacto sobre las tasas de probreza de un esquema de pension mınima en los 18 paıses. El artıculo muestra que una pension mınima universal reducirıa ampliamente la pobreza en la poblacion anciana, excepto en Argentina, Brazil, Chile y Uruguay,
en donde la pension mınima ya existe y las tasas de pobreza son bajas. Este tipo de esquemas generan varios c |
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ISSN: | 0123-5362 2145-454X |