calidad de vida en pacientes con trasplante autólogo y alogénico de progenitores hematopoyéticos

• Published in: Avances en enfermería 2024, Vol.42 (1)
• Main Authors: López Gomez, Alejandra, Pérez Villa, Marjorie
• Format: Article
• Language: Spanish
• Subjects: Autologous; Calidad de Vida; Doenças Hematológicas; Enfermedades Hematológicas; Hematologic Diseases; Homologous; Qualidade de Vida; Quality of Life; Stem Cell Transplantation; Transplantation; Transplante Autólogo; Transplante de Células; Transplante Homólogo; Trasplante Autólogo; Trasplante de Células Madre; Trasplante Homólogo; Tronco
• ISSN: 2346-0261; 0121-4500

Objective: To compare the quality of life of patients undergoing autologous versus allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Materials and method: Analytical longitudinal study conducted with two retrospec-tive data measurements. A total of 188 medical records of patients who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation were reviewed. A data collection form was completed, which inquired about sociodemographic information, clinical charac-teristics, and scores on the eOrTc QLQ-C30 quality of life scale.Results: The average age of the patients was 53 years. Of the total, 53.2% were male, and the majority (96.3%) had a hematological disease. Patients who underwent autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hscT) reported an improved perception of their global health status, with a mean score of 81.1 ± 16.2. In contrast, patients who underwent allogeneic hscT experienced a decrease in their global health status, reporting a mean score of 16.8 ± 17.9 at 6 months post-hscT, indicating a worsening of their overall health.conclusions: The assessment of quality of life in patients who have received autol-ogous and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation reveals significant physical and emotional challenges in both groups. Patients undergoing allogeneic transplants face greater complications due to the risks of rejection and the effects of immunosuppressive therapy. Therefore, it is essential to implement a compre-hensive approach that combines multidisciplinary care with psychological and social support to optimize their long-term well-being. Objetivo: comparar a qualidade de vida de pacientes submetidos a transplante autólogo e alogênico de células-tronco hematopoiéticas.Materiais e método: estudo longitudinal analítico com duas medições retrospec-tivas de dados. Foram analisados 188 registos médicos de doentes submetidos a transplante de células estaminais hematopoiéticas. Foi preenchido um formulário com dados sociodemográficos, características clínicas e pontuação na escala de qualidade de vida eOrTc QLQ-C30. Resultados: a média de idade dos pacientes foi de 53 anos, 53,2 % eram do sexo masculino, a maioria dos doentes (96,3 %) tinha uma doença hematológica. Os doentes com TcTh autólogo referiram uma melhoria da perceção do seu estado de saúde global, com uma pontuação média de 81,1 ± 16,2, enquanto os doentes com TcTh alogénico apresentaram uma diminuição, ou seja, um agravamento do estado de saúde global, com uma pontuação mé