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Antidepressant induced excessive yawning and indifference

Introduction Antidepressant induced excessive yawning has been described as a possible side effect of pharmacotherapy. A syndrome of indifference has also been described as another possible side effect. The frequency of those phenomena and their physiopathology are unknown. They are both considered...

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Published in:Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria 2015-03, Vol.64 (1), p.82-85
Main Authors: Nazar, Bruno Palazzo, Hiluy, João, Mattos, Paulo
Format: Article
Language:English
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Summary:Introduction Antidepressant induced excessive yawning has been described as a possible side effect of pharmacotherapy. A syndrome of indifference has also been described as another possible side effect. The frequency of those phenomena and their physiopathology are unknown. They are both considered benign and reversible after antidepressant discontinuation but severe cases with complications as temporomandibular lesions, have been described. Methods We report two unprecedented cases in which excessive yawning and indifference occurred simultaneously as side effects of antidepressant therapy, discussing possible physiopathological mechanisms for this co-occurrence. Case 1: A male patient presented excessive yawning (approximately 80/day) and apathy after venlafaxine XR treatment. Symptoms reduced after a switch to escitalopram, with a reduction to 50 yawns/day. Case 2: A female patient presented excessive yawning (approximately 25/day) and inability to react to environmental stressors with desvenlafaxine. Conclusion Induction of indifference and excessive yawning may be modulated by serotonergic and noradrenergic mechanisms. One proposal to unify these side effects would be enhancement of serotonin in midbrain, especially paraventricular and raphe nucleus. Introdução Alguns relatos de caso descrevem pacientes com bocejos excessivos induzidos por antidepressivos. Também é relatada a capacidade dos antidepressivos induzirem uma síndrome de indiferença. A frequência desses efeitos colaterais é desconhecida, assim como seus mecanismos fisiopatológicos. Ambos os efeitos são considerados benignos e costumam ser reversíveis após a suspensão dos antidepressivos, porém há relatos de casos graves com a ocorrência de luxação temporomandibular devida aos bocejos excessivos induzidos por antidepressivos. Métodos Relatamos dois casos inéditos de pacientes, apresentando esses efeitos colaterais de forma concomitante, discutindo os possíveis mecanismos fisiopatológicos e explicando essa coocorrência. Caso 1: O paciente apresentou bocejos excessivos e apatia com o uso de venlafaxina XR (cerca de 80 bocejos por dia) e, após a troca para escitalopram por conta desse efeito, teve redução para cerca de 50 bocejos por dia. Também relatava sentimento de lentidão e apatia com ambas as medicações. Caso 2: A paciente apresentou bocejos excessivos (cerca de 25 por dia) e declínio na responsividade emocional a estímulos ambientais, associado à incapacidade de chorar com o uso de desve
ISSN:0047-2085
1982-0208
0047-2085
DOI:10.1590/0047-2085000000060