Potential therapeutic use of ayahuasca: A literature review

• Published in: Acta amazonica 2024-01, Vol.54 (2)
• Main Authors: COSTA, Salvana Priscylla Manso, CARVALHO, Keith Cardoso, GOMES, Isabella Nunes, CALAZANS, Carine Lopes, SILVA, Morganna Thinesca Almeida, MIRANDA, Joseneide de Alves, BARRETO, Ighor Costa, MELO, Matheus Vinícius Guimarães de, HOLANDA, Keyla Emanuelle Ramos de, ALENCAR FILHO, José Marcos Teixeira de
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Banisteriopsis caapi; medicinal effects; N,N-dimethyltryptamine; Psychotria viridis
• ISSN: 0044-5967; 1809-4392
• DOI: 10.1590/1809-4392202301821

ABSTRACT Ayahuasca is a psychoactive decoction originally used in indigenous Amazonian culture. It consists of a dense brown liquid that most frequently results from the decoction of two plants native to the Amazon rainforest, Psychotria viridis (Rubiaceae) and Banisteriopsis caapi (Malpighiaceae). The composition of the decoction is variable, as several plant species can be used in its preparation. Its psychoactive effect occurs due to the presence of N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), an agonist at serotonergic receptors (5-HT1A/2A/2C) that is metabolized by the enzyme monoamine oxidase type A (MAO-A), and also the presence of β-carbolines, which are reversible MAO-A inhibitors. This joint interaction promotes a sequence of psychedelic neurochemical effects. Due to the current expansion of research on psychedelic substances and the growing public interest in the benefits of ayahuasca beyond its traditional use in the Amazon, academic research on its therapeutic capacity has been increasing. This study aimed to carry out a literature review on the scientific evidence for the therapeutic potential of ingesting ayahuasca. The review covered the period 2012-2022, and resulted in evidence on the therapeutic effects of ayahuasca on depression/anxiety, chemical dependency/alcoholism and Parkinson’s disease, as well as neuropsychological effects, and possible toxic effects on reproduction/embryonic development, among other adverse effects. The highest number of publications in the searched period dealt with the effects of ayahuasca on depression and anxiety. Further studies need to address the detailed mechanism of action of ayahuasca, as well as its potential toxicity, in order to demonstrate its safety. RESUMO Ayahuasca é uma decocção psicoativa originalmente usada na cultura indígena amazônica. É constituída por um líquido denso e marrom que resulta mais frequentemente da decocção de duas plantas nativas da floresta amazônica, Psychotria viridis (Rubiaceae) e Banisteriopsis caapi (Malpighiaceae). A composição da decocção é variável, pois diversas espécies vegetais podem ser utilizadas em seu preparo. Seu efeito psicoativo ocorre devido à presença de N,N-dimetiltriptamina (DMT), agonista dos receptores serotoninérgicos (5-HT1A/2A/2C), que é metabolizado pela enzima monoamina oxidase tipo A (MAO-A), e também à presença de β-carbolinas, que são inibidores reversíveis da MAO-A. Essa interação conjunta promove uma sequência de efeitos neuroquímicos psicodélicos. Devido