ALG12‐CDG: An unusual patient without intellectual disability and facial dysmorphism, and with a novel variant

• Published in: Molecular genetics & genomic medicine 2020-08, Vol.8 (8), p.e1304-n/a
• Main Authors: Morena‐Barrio, María Eugenia, Sabater, María, Morena‐Barrio, Belén, Ruhaak, Renee L., Miñano, Antonia, Padilla, José, Toderici, Mara, Roldán, Vanessa, Gimeno, Juan R., Vicente, Vicente, Corral, Javier
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Academic Success; Adult; ALG12‐CDG; Antithrombin; Clinical Report; Clinical Reports; Coagulation factors; Congenital anomalies; congenital disorder of N‐glycosylation; Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation - genetics; Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation - pathology; Defects; Diagnosis; Disease; DNA-Binding Proteins - genetics; Ethics; Female; Genes; Genetic analysis; Glucosyltransferases - genetics; Glycan; Glycosylation; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular - genetics; Heart Septal Defects, Ventricular - pathology; Heterogeneity; High-performance liquid chromatography; Humans; Intellectual disabilities; Liquid chromatography; Mannosyltransferases - genetics; Mass spectrometry; Membrane Proteins - genetics; Mutation; Neoplasm Proteins - genetics; Patients; Peptides; Phenotype; Phenotypes; Plasma; Plasma proteins; Proteins; Scientific imaging; Scoliosis; Scoliosis - genetics; Scoliosis - pathology; Transferrin; Transferrins; Ventricle; ventricular septal defect
• ISSN: 2324-9269; 2324-9269
• DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1304

Background Congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) type I is a group of rare disorders caused by recessive mutations in up to 25 genes that impair the N‐glycan precursor formation and its transfer to proteins resulting in hypoglycosylation of multiple proteins. Congenital disorder of glycosylation causes multisystem defects usually with psychomotor delay that is diagnosed in the infancy. We aim to supply further evidences supporting that CDG may be underestimated. Methods Antithrombin and factor XI were studied by chromogenic and coagulometric methods. Hypoglycosylation of plasma proteins was evaluated by western blot, HPLC, Q‐TOF, and RP‐LC‐MRM‐MS. Genetic analysis included whole exome, Sanger sequencing, and PCR‐allele specific assay. Results We here present an intriguing patient with an exceptional phenotype: 25‐year‐old women with a ventricular septal defect and severe idiopathic scoliosis but no facial dysmorphism, who dances as a professional, and has a University degree. Congenital disorder of glycosylation diagnosis started through the identification of antithrombin deficiency without SERPINC1 defect and the detection of hypoglycosylated forms. Increased levels of hypoglycosylated forms of F XI (also with significant deficiency) and transferrin were also detected. Whole exome analysis showed a novel homozygous ALG12 variant c.77T>A, p.(Val26Asp) supporting an ALG12‐CDG diagnosis. It also showed three new variants in KMT2D, and a mild, known ALG6 variant. Conclusions This novel ALG12‐CDG patient (the 13th reported) underlines the heterogeneity of this CDG and broadens its phenotypical spectrum, supports that these disorders are underestimated, and suggests that combination of global hypoglycosylation with specific gene defects might determine the clinical manifestations of CDG patients. We present a case with structural cardiopathy and severe idiopathic scoliosis but not facial dimorphisms (she may be a model!), dances as a professional, and has a University degree. CDG diagnosis was based on antithrombin and FXI deficiency, and increased hypoglycosylated antithrombin, FXI, and transferrin. Exome analysis supported ALG12‐CDG diagnosis. Our model suggests that combination of global hypoglycosylation with specific gene defects might determine the clinical manifestations of CDG patients.