An Effective Strategy for Achieving Economic Reliability by Optimal Coordination of Hybrid Thermal–Wind–EV System in a Deregulated System

• Published in: World electric vehicle journal 2024-07, Vol.15 (7), p.289
• Main Authors: Chowdary Vankina, Ravindranadh, Gope, Sadhan, Dawn, Subhojit, Mansur, Ahmed Al, Ustun, Taha Selim
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alternative energy sources; competitive environment; Deregulation; Effectiveness; Electric power grids; Electric vehicle charging stations; Electric vehicles; Energy industry; energy level; Energy levels; Energy storage; Greenhouse gases; grid frequency; Hybrid systems; Optimization; profit; Profits; Quadratic programming; Renewable energy sources; Renewable resources; Wind power; Wind power generation; Wind speed
• ISSN: 2032-6653; 2032-6653
• DOI: 10.3390/wevj15070289

This paper describes an effective operating strategy for electric vehicles (EVs) in a hybrid facility that leverages renewable energy sources. The method is to enhance the profit of the wind–thermal–EV hybrid plant while maintaining the grid frequency (fPG) and energy level of the EV battery storage system. In a renewable-associated power network, renewable energy producers must submit power supply proposals to the system operator at least one day before operations begin. The market managers then combine the power plans for the next several days based on bids from both power providers and distributors. However, due to the unpredictable nature of renewable resources, the electrical system cannot exactly adhere to the predefined power supply criteria. When true and estimated renewable power generation diverges, the electrical system may experience an excess or shortage of electricity. If there is a disparity between true and estimated wind power (TWP, EWP), the EV plant operates to minimize this variation. This lowers the costs associated with the discrepancy between actual and projected wind speeds (TWS, EWS). The proposed method effectively reduces the uncertainty associated with wind generation while being economically feasible, which is especially important in a deregulated power market. This study proposes four separate energy levels for an EV battery storage system (EEV,max, EEV,opt, EEV,low, and EEV,min) to increase system profit and revenue, which is unique to this work. The optimum operating of these EV battery energy levels is determined by the present electric grid frequency and the condition of TWP and EWP. The proposed approach is tested on a modified IEEE 30 bus system and compared to an existing strategy to demonstrate its effectiveness and superiority. The entire work was completed using the optimization technique called sequential quadratic programming (SQP).