Geographical variation and correlates of substance use among married men in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016

ObjectiveThe use of substances has become one of the world’s most serious public health and socioeconomic issues. Most nations in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia, are undergoing significant economic transitions, creating a favourable environment for socially destructive substance use. This st...

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Published in:BMJ open 2022-09, Vol.12 (9), p.e062060-e062060
Main Authors: Zenbaba, Demisu, Yassin, Ahmed, Abdulkadir, Adem, Mama, Mohammedaman
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Alcohol
Data collection
Demography
Design
Drug abuse
Drug dosages
Drug use
Health economics
Health surveys
Men
PRIMARY CARE
Questionnaires
Smoking and Tobacco
Social change
Substance misuse
Tobacco
Variables
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Yassin, Ahmed
Abdulkadir, Adem
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description ObjectiveThe use of substances has become one of the world’s most serious public health and socioeconomic issues. Most nations in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia, are undergoing significant economic transitions, creating a favourable environment for socially destructive substance use. This study aimed to determine the geographical variation, prevalence and correlates of substance use among ever-married men in Ethiopia.DesignA community-based cross-sectional survey was undertaken from 18 January 2016 to 27 June 2016.Data sourceData were used from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS).Data extraction and analysisData from the 2016 EDHS was used, and a total of 7793 ever-married men were involved in the analysis. The spatial autocorrelation statistic (Global Moran’s I) was used to determine whether substance use was dispersed, clustered or randomly distributed. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify the correlates with substance use, and statistical significance was declared at p
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Most nations in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia, are undergoing significant economic transitions, creating a favourable environment for socially destructive substance use. This study aimed to determine the geographical variation, prevalence and correlates of substance use among ever-married men in Ethiopia.DesignA community-based cross-sectional survey was undertaken from 18 January 2016 to 27 June 2016.Data sourceData were used from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS).Data extraction and analysisData from the 2016 EDHS was used, and a total of 7793 ever-married men were involved in the analysis. The spatial autocorrelation statistic (Global Moran’s I) was used to determine whether substance use was dispersed, clustered or randomly distributed. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify the correlates with substance use, and statistical significance was declared at p&lt;0.05 and 95% CI.ResultsOf all ever-married men, 72.5% (95% CI 71.5% to 73.4%) were currently using at least one of the three substances (alcohol, cigarettes and chat). The highest hotspot areas of substance use were observed in Ahmara and Tigray regions. The age (adjusted OR, AOR 1.80; 95% CI 1.32 to 2.45), educational status (AOR 0.64; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.82), occupation (AOR 1.36; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.76), watching television (AOR 1.50; 95% CI 1.25 to 1.81) and living in the city (AOR 2.25; 95% CI to 1.36 to 3.74) were individual and community-level correlates found to have a statistically significant association with substance use.ConclusionIn this study, nearly three-fourths of married men used one of the three substances. Given these findings, it is critical to reducing the problem by improving modifiable individual-level variables such as educational status and reducing substance advertising.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2044-6055</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2044-6055</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062060</identifier><identifier>PMID: 36153037</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: British Medical Journal Publishing Group</publisher><subject>Alcohol ; Data collection ; Demography ; Design ; Drug abuse ; Drug dosages ; Drug use ; Health economics ; Health surveys ; Men ; PRIMARY CARE ; Questionnaires ; Smoking and Tobacco ; Social change ; Substance misuse ; Tobacco ; Variables</subject><ispartof>BMJ open, 2022-09, Vol.12 (9), p.e062060-e062060</ispartof><rights>Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.</rights><rights>2022 Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ . Notwithstanding the ProQuest Terms and Conditions, you may use this content in accordance with the terms of the License.</rights><rights>Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. 2022</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b516t-4617ca183eec671e3416738bb48c1fe1a0db626635583cbb474261e68282ec603</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b516t-4617ca183eec671e3416738bb48c1fe1a0db626635583cbb474261e68282ec603</cites><orcidid>0000-0002-7733-7627</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2722734541/fulltextPDF?pq-origsite=primo$$EPDF$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.proquest.com/docview/2722734541?pq-origsite=primo$$EHTML$$P50$$Gproquest$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,3194,25753,27924,27925,37012,37013,44590,53791,53793,55341,55350,75126,77596,77597,77660,77686</link.rule.ids></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zenbaba, Demisu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yassin, Ahmed</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Abdulkadir, Adem</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mama, Mohammedaman</creatorcontrib><title>Geographical variation and correlates of substance use among married men in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016</title><title>BMJ open</title><addtitle>BMJ Open</addtitle><description>ObjectiveThe use of substances has become one of the world’s most serious public health and socioeconomic issues. Most nations in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia, are undergoing significant economic transitions, creating a favourable environment for socially destructive substance use. This study aimed to determine the geographical variation, prevalence and correlates of substance use among ever-married men in Ethiopia.DesignA community-based cross-sectional survey was undertaken from 18 January 2016 to 27 June 2016.Data sourceData were used from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS).Data extraction and analysisData from the 2016 EDHS was used, and a total of 7793 ever-married men were involved in the analysis. The spatial autocorrelation statistic (Global Moran’s I) was used to determine whether substance use was dispersed, clustered or randomly distributed. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify the correlates with substance use, and statistical significance was declared at p&lt;0.05 and 95% CI.ResultsOf all ever-married men, 72.5% (95% CI 71.5% to 73.4%) were currently using at least one of the three substances (alcohol, cigarettes and chat). The highest hotspot areas of substance use were observed in Ahmara and Tigray regions. The age (adjusted OR, AOR 1.80; 95% CI 1.32 to 2.45), educational status (AOR 0.64; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.82), occupation (AOR 1.36; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.76), watching television (AOR 1.50; 95% CI 1.25 to 1.81) and living in the city (AOR 2.25; 95% CI to 1.36 to 3.74) were individual and community-level correlates found to have a statistically significant association with substance use.ConclusionIn this study, nearly three-fourths of married men used one of the three substances. 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Most nations in sub-Saharan Africa, including Ethiopia, are undergoing significant economic transitions, creating a favourable environment for socially destructive substance use. This study aimed to determine the geographical variation, prevalence and correlates of substance use among ever-married men in Ethiopia.DesignA community-based cross-sectional survey was undertaken from 18 January 2016 to 27 June 2016.Data sourceData were used from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS).Data extraction and analysisData from the 2016 EDHS was used, and a total of 7793 ever-married men were involved in the analysis. The spatial autocorrelation statistic (Global Moran’s I) was used to determine whether substance use was dispersed, clustered or randomly distributed. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to identify the correlates with substance use, and statistical significance was declared at p&lt;0.05 and 95% CI.ResultsOf all ever-married men, 72.5% (95% CI 71.5% to 73.4%) were currently using at least one of the three substances (alcohol, cigarettes and chat). The highest hotspot areas of substance use were observed in Ahmara and Tigray regions. The age (adjusted OR, AOR 1.80; 95% CI 1.32 to 2.45), educational status (AOR 0.64; 95% CI 0.51 to 0.82), occupation (AOR 1.36; 95% CI 1.05 to 1.76), watching television (AOR 1.50; 95% CI 1.25 to 1.81) and living in the city (AOR 2.25; 95% CI to 1.36 to 3.74) were individual and community-level correlates found to have a statistically significant association with substance use.ConclusionIn this study, nearly three-fourths of married men used one of the three substances. Given these findings, it is critical to reducing the problem by improving modifiable individual-level variables such as educational status and reducing substance advertising.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</pub><pmid>36153037</pmid><doi>10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062060</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7733-7627</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Alcohol
Data collection
Demography
Design
Drug abuse
Drug dosages
Drug use
Health economics
Health surveys
Men
PRIMARY CARE
Questionnaires
Smoking and Tobacco
Social change
Substance misuse
Tobacco
Variables
title Geographical variation and correlates of substance use among married men in Ethiopia: spatial and multilevel analysis from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2016
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