Detection and quantification of corn starch and wheat flour as adulterants in milk powder by near- and mid-infrared spectroscopy coupled with chemometric routines

•Detection of adulterants in milk powder using FT-NIR and FT-MIR spectroscopy.•Proposed method detects corn starch & wheat flour at 6.00–30.00%w/w concentrations.•Lower RMSEP values were obtained using FT-NIR versus FT-MIR spectroscopy.•Corn starch can be detected more accurately than wheat flou...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Food chemistry advances 2024-06, Vol.4, p.100582, Article 100582
Main Authors: Caballero-Agosto, Edwin R., Sierra-Vega, Nobel O., Rolon-Ocasio, Yashira, Hernandez-Rivera, Samuel P., Infante-Degró, Ricardo A., Fontalvo-Gomez, Miriam, Pacheco-Londoño, Leonardo C., Infante-Castillo, Ricardo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Chemometric analysis
Corn starch
Mid infrared spectroscopy
Milk powder adulteration
Near infrared spectroscopy
Wheat flour
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Summary:•Detection of adulterants in milk powder using FT-NIR and FT-MIR spectroscopy.•Proposed method detects corn starch & wheat flour at 6.00–30.00%w/w concentrations.•Lower RMSEP values were obtained using FT-NIR versus FT-MIR spectroscopy.•Corn starch can be detected more accurately than wheat flour as an adulterant.•MSC+SG1 pre-processing methods led to better results for quantifying adulterants. Adulterating foods, such as milk powder (MP), is a common practice in countries with no rigid policy on food quality control. This study employs Fourier transform near-infrared and mid-infrared (FT-NIR, FT-MIR) spectroscopy and chemometric analysis to detect milk powder adulteration with corn starch (CS) and wheat flour (WF) from 0.00 to 30.00% w/w concentrations. Partial least square regression (PLSR) models were developed, optimized, and compared to quantify corn starch and wheat flour adulterations. According to the results, the root mean square error prediction (RMSEP) for FT-NIR and FT-MIR in corn starch was 0.74 and 1.69% w/w and 0.82 and 2.63% w/w for wheat flour, respectively. FT-NIR spectroscopy, rather than FT-MIR coupled with the appropriate chemometrics models represents a more valuable tool for simple, rapid, and nondestructive detection of adulterants in milk powder. The recent availability of portable instruments, combined with suitable chemometric tools, makes it possible to discriminate adulterated food samples in situ.
ISSN:2772-753X
2772-753X
DOI:10.1016/j.focha.2023.100582