Fracture dominant in friction stir spot welded joint between 6061 aluminum alloy and galvannealed steel based on microscale tensile testing

• Published in: Materials & design 2022-01, Vol.213, p.110344, Article 110344
• Main Authors: Matsuda, Tomoki, Ogaki, Toshiya, Hayashi, Kotaro, Iwamoto, Chihiro, Nozawa, Takashi, Ohata, Mitsuru, Hirose, Akio
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Dissimilar joining; Fracture behavior; Friction stir spot welding; Interface structure; Intermetallic compound; Microscale tensile testing
• ISSN: 0264-1275; 1873-4197
• DOI: 10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110344

[Display omitted] •Galvannealed high strength steel and 6061 aluminum alloy was joined by friction stir spot welding.•Discharge of zinc attributed to galvannealed layer causes formation of interfacial microstructure including defects.•Microscale tensile testing using notched specimen enables to elucidate the fracture dominant of dissimilar joints.•Macroscale joint strength was dominated by the aluminum/reaction layer interface at the outermost region with few defects. The macroscale mechanical properties of dissimilar joints are generally influenced by the fracture behavior of joint interface. However, little is known about the dominant factor for the joint properties related with both macroscale fracture behavior and microscale interfacial properties. Herein, microscale tensile testing of the joint interface was coupled with the macroscale fracture evaluation to elucidate the dominant factor of strength in dissimilar joints between 6061 aluminum alloy and high tensile strength galvannealed steel via friction stir spot welding (FSSW). Microstructural analyses revealed the characteristic formation of interfacial microstructure accompanied by friction and Zn discharge during the FSSW process. Microscale tensile testing was performed on the specimen on which the pre-notch was introduced to induce local fracture at the intended position on the joint interface. Results showed the presence of the weakest interface attributed to initial joining defects formed by Zn concentration at the outer area, which were consistent with the outside of the crack arresting area confirmed by macroscale evaluation. These results indicated that the joint strength of dissimilar joints between 6061 aluminum alloy and galvannealed steel is dominated by the local strength of the joining area without defects and suggested a process design for improving dissimilar joints.