Cardiovascular Disorders Triggered by Obstructive Sleep Apnea—A Focus on Endothelium and Blood Components

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is known to be an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Among arousal from sleep, increased thoracic pressure and enhanced sympathetic activation, intermittent hypoxia is now considered as one of the most important pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the dev...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2021-05, Vol.22 (10), p.5139
Main Authors: Mochol, Jakub, Gawrys, Jakub, Gajecki, Damian, Szahidewicz-Krupska, Ewa, Martynowicz, Helena, Doroszko, Adrian
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Apnea
Arousal
Arteriosclerosis
asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA)
Atherosclerosis
Cardiovascular diseases
Continuous positive airway pressure
Diabetes mellitus
endothelial dysfunction (ED)
Endothelium
Erythrocytes
Fibrillation
Hypertension
Hypoxemia
Hypoxia
Inflammation
Inflammatory response
Kinases
Molecular modelling
Nitric oxide
nitric oxide (NO)
obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
Oxidative stress
Review
Reviews
Rheological properties
Risk analysis
Risk factors
Sleep apnea
Sleep disorders
Thorax
Veins & arteries
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Summary:Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is known to be an independent cardiovascular risk factor. Among arousal from sleep, increased thoracic pressure and enhanced sympathetic activation, intermittent hypoxia is now considered as one of the most important pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to the development of endothelial dysfunction. Nevertheless, not much is known about blood components, which justifies the current review. This review focuses on molecular mechanisms triggered by sleep apnea. The recurrent periods of hypoxemia followed by reoxygenation promote reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction and increase inflammatory response. In this review paper we also intend to summarize the effect of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on changes in the profile of the endothelial function and its subsequent potential clinical advantage in lowering cardiovascular risk in other comorbidities such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, hypertension, atrial fibrillation. Moreover, this paper is aimed at explaining how the presence of OSA may affect platelet function and exert effects on rheological activity of erythrocytes, which could also be the key to explaining an increased risk of stroke.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms22105139