Detection of Endoparasites in Non-Native Raccoons from Central Italy

• Published in: Veterinary sciences 2023-02, Vol.10 (2), p.171
• Main Authors: Lombardo, Andrea, Diano, Marco, Brocherel, Giuseppina, Palmerini, Lucia, Giovannini, Serena, Mezher, Ziad, Iurescia, Manuela, Cerci, Tamara, Caprioli, Andrea, Eleni, Claudia, Raso, Caterina, Mariacher, Alessia, Del Lesto, Irene, Cappai, Nadia, Mattioli, Luca, De Liberato, Claudio, Fichi, Gianluca
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anesthesia; Animals; Baylisascaris procyonis; Blood vessels; Cryptosporidium; Cysts; Diaphragm (Anatomy); Disease transmission; endoparasites; Eradication; Euthanasia; Gastrointestinal tract; Ileum; Immunofluorescence; Infections; Introduced species; Laboratories; Lungs; Next-generation sequencing; Parasites; Pearsonema; Pets; Procyon lotor; Protozoa; Pulmonary arteries; raccoon; Sediments; Small intestine; Urine; Zoonoses; zoonosis
• ISSN: 2306-7381; 2306-7381
• DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020171

The raccoon ( ) is a carnivore native to North and Central America, gradually introduced into Asia and Europe, including Italy. It is an important carrier of multiple endoparasites, both Protozoa and Helminths, some of them being zoonotic. The aim of this study was to investigate the endoparasites of the non-native raccoon population of Central Italy. Sixty-two raccoons were collected by local competent authorities (sixty trapped and euthanized, two found dead) and subjected to necroscopic examination. Carcasses underwent a broad parasitological investigation, including coprological techniques (macroscopic examination of the gastrointestinal tract, lungs, trachea, and heart, Flotac , Baermann test, and immunofluorescence for and spp.), research on respiratory/urinary capillariosis and artificial digestion for spp. larvae, and a histopathological examination of the ileum. Ascarid parasites were further identified at the species level using a next-generation sequencing-based amplicon sequencing approach. The results showed the presence of different Protozoa and Nematodes: (26/62; 41.9%), sp. (6/62; 9.6%), Capillariidae (6/62; 9.6%), sp. (2/62; 3.2%), sp. (2/62; 3.2%), and Ancylostomatidae (2/62; 3.2%). is an emerging helminthic zoonotic agent considered a serious concern for public and animal health, given the possibility of its transmission to paratenic hosts, including humans and pets. The demonstrated role of the raccoon as a multi-parasite carrier should be an incentive to continuing the eradication/control of this alien species, and supports the need to implement related disease surveillance programs.