Outer Membrane Vesicles: An Emerging Vaccine Platform

Vaccine adjuvants are substances that improve the immune capacity of a recombinant vaccine to a great extent and have been in use since the early 1900s; they are primarily short-lived and initiate antigen activity, mainly an inflammatory response. With the developing technologies and innovation, ear...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Vaccines (Basel) 2022-09, Vol.10 (10), p.1578
Main Authors: Kashyap, Dharmendra, Panda, Mrutyunjaya, Baral, Budhadev, Varshney, Nidhi, R, Sajitha, Bhandari, Vasundhra, Parmar, Hamendra Singh, Prasad, Amit, Jha, Hem Chandra
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adjuvants
Analysis
Antigens
Bacteria
Bacterial vaccines
Bioengineering
Biofilms
DNA
Enzymes
Evaluation
Gram-negative bacteria
Health aspects
Infections
Inflammation
Inflammatory response
Lipids
Lipoproteins
Membrane vesicles
Membranes
outer membrane vesicles (OMV)
Proteins
Review
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Side effects
Stomach
Vaccines
Vesicles
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Summary:Vaccine adjuvants are substances that improve the immune capacity of a recombinant vaccine to a great extent and have been in use since the early 1900s; they are primarily short-lived and initiate antigen activity, mainly an inflammatory response. With the developing technologies and innovation, early options such as alum were modified, yet the inorganic nature of major vaccine adjuvants caused several side effects. Outer membrane vesicles, which respond to the stressed environment, are small nano-sized particles secreted by gram-negative bacteria. The secretory nature of OMV gives us many benefits in terms of infection bioengineering. This article aims to provide a detailed overview of bacteria’s outer membrane vesicles (OMV) and their potential usage as adjuvants in making OMV-based vaccines. The OMV adjuvant-based vaccines can be a great benefactor, and there are ongoing trials for formulating OMV adjuvant-based vaccines for SARS-CoV-2. This study emphasizes engineering the OMVs to develop better versions for safety purposes. This article will also provide a gist about the advantages and disadvantages of such vaccines, along with other aspects.
ISSN:2076-393X
2076-393X
DOI:10.3390/vaccines10101578