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Mechanisms of enhancer action: the known and the unknown
Differential gene expression mechanisms ensure cellular differentiation and plasticity to shape ontogenetic and phylogenetic diversity of cell types. A key regulator of differential gene expression programs are the enhancers, the gene-distal cis-regulatory sequences that govern spatiotemporal and qu...
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| Published in: | Genome Biology 2021-04, Vol.22 (1), p.108-108, Article 108 |
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| container_title | Genome Biology |
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| creator | Panigrahi, Anil O'Malley, Bert W |
| description | Differential gene expression mechanisms ensure cellular differentiation and plasticity to shape ontogenetic and phylogenetic diversity of cell types. A key regulator of differential gene expression programs are the enhancers, the gene-distal cis-regulatory sequences that govern spatiotemporal and quantitative expression dynamics of target genes. Enhancers are widely believed to physically contact the target promoters to effect transcriptional activation. However, our understanding of the full complement of regulatory proteins and the definitive mechanics of enhancer action is incomplete. Here, we review recent findings to present some emerging concepts on enhancer action and also outline a set of outstanding questions. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1186/s13059-021-02322-1 |
| format | article |
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| subjects | Animals Binding Sites Chromatin - genetics Chromatin - metabolism Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly Chromosomes Complement activation Complement regulatory proteins Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism Enhancer Elements, Genetic Enhancers Evolution, Molecular Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation Genome-Wide Association Study Genomes Genomics Genomics - methods Humans Introns Morphology Mutation Ontogeny Phylogeny Proteins Regulatory sequences Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid Review RNA polymerase Signal Transduction Transcription activation Transcriptional Activation |
| title | Mechanisms of enhancer action: the known and the unknown |
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