Effect of Wild Blueberry Metabolites on Biomarkers of Gastrointestinal and Immune Health In Vitro

Wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton.) are a rich source of dietary fiber and (poly)phenols with gastrointestinal and immune health-promoting properties, however, their mechanisms of action on the intestinal epithelial cells and transient tissue macrophages remain to be elucidated. In thi...

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Published in:Immuno 2022-06, Vol.2 (2), p.293-306
Main Authors: Rathinasabapathy, Thirumurugan, Lomax, Jade, Srikanth, Kavin, Esposito, Debora, Kay, Colin D., Komarnytsky, Slavko
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
anthocyanin
Berries
Biomarkers
Blueberries
Cell adhesion & migration
Cell culture
Gene expression
Inflammation
lowbush blueberry
Metabolism
Metabolites
Microbiota
Phytochemicals
Polyphenols
Reagents
Vaccinium angustifolium
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Summary:Wild blueberries (Vaccinium angustifolium Aiton.) are a rich source of dietary fiber and (poly)phenols with gastrointestinal and immune health-promoting properties, however, their mechanisms of action on the intestinal epithelial cells and transient tissue macrophages remain to be elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the individual effects of anthocyanins, short-chain fatty acids (metabolites derived from fiber), and a series of hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acid metabolites common to anthocyanins and other polyphenols on epithelial gut homeostasis in human colon epithelial CCD-18 cells and murine RAW 264.7 macrophages. Gastrointestinal cell migration was enhanced in response to anthocyanin glucosides with the maximum effect observed for malvidin-3-glucoside, and a structural subset of hydroxybenzoic acids, especially 2-hydroxybenzoic acid. Enhanced staining for ZO-1 protein in the junctional complexes was observed in CCD-18 cells treated with malvidin and butyrate, as well as several phenolic metabolites, including hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids. Nitric oxide production and pro-inflammatory gene expression profiles in the LPS-stimulated macrophages were mostly affected by treatments with 3-caffeoylquinic (chlorogenic) and 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic (caffeic) acids, as well as 2-hydroxybenzoic acid. This study lays the foundation for future investigations evaluating the effects of dietary interventions on managing gastrointestinal and inflammatory pathophysiological outcomes.
ISSN:2673-5601
2673-5601
DOI:10.3390/immuno2020019